Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Costing of physical activity programmes in primary prevention: a review of the literature
Type of econ. analysis | Author (year of publication) | Type of physical exercise intervention | Length of intervention (data collection) | Comparator | Health Outcome | Number of participants (sex), age (years) | Country, setting, study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CUA | Chen et al. (2008) [34] | Walking | 12 weeks (baseline-12 weeks) | no intervention | QALY | 98 (m/f), > 65 | Taiwan, community, RCT |
| Â | Munro et al. (2004) [23] | Free exercise classes by qualified exercise leader | 2 years (baseline-1 year - 2 years) | usual care | Mortality, health status, QALY | 6,420 (m/f), > 65 | UK, community, Cluster RCT |
CEA | Elley et al. (2004) [20] | Green prescription: verbal and written exercise advice by GP and telephone exercise specialist | 1 year (baseline-1 year) | usual care | Total energy expended (change in PA), QALY | 878 (m/f), 40-79 | New Zealand, GPP, Cluster RCT |
| Â | Stevens et al. (1998) [22] | Individual PA by exercise development officer | 10 weeks (baseline-10 weeks- 8 months) | EI vs MI | PA, number of sedentary people | 714 (m/f), 45-74 | UK, GPP, RCT |
|  | Robertson et al. (2001a) [27] | Individually home-based PA by district nurse | 1 year (baseline-1 year) | usual care | Falls and injuries | 240 (m/f), ≥ 75 | New Zealand, GPP, RCT |
|  | Robertson et al. (2001b) [26] | Individually home-based PA by general practice nurse | 1 year (baseline-1 year) | usual care | Falls and injuries | 450 (m/f), ≥ 80 | New Zealand, GPP, CT |
|  | Robertson et al. (2001c) [25] | Individually home-based PA by physiotherapist | 2 years (baseline-2 years) | usual care | Falls and injuries | 233 (f), ≥ 80 | New Zealand, GPP/home, RCT |
| Â | Proper et al. (2004) [21] | Worksite PA counselling | 9 months (baseline-9 months) | EI vs MI | Sick leave, PA, cardiovascular fitness | 299 (m/f), 44 | Netherlands, municipal services, RCT |
| Â | Shephard (1992) [35] | Employee fitness programme | 12 years (6 months- 18 months- 7 years-10 years-12 years) | no intervention | PA, absenteeism; corporate commitment | 534 (m/f), age n.s. | Canada, company, CT |
| Â | Sevick et al. (2000) [36] | Structured exercise intervention and supervised behavioural skills training | 2 years (baseline-6 months-2 years) | no intervention | Energy expenditure (kcal/gk/day), peak flow (VO2 in ml/kg/min); PA; heart rate, blood pressure, weight | 235(m/f), 35-60 | USA, company, RCT |
| Â | Finkelstein et al. (2002) [24] | WISEWOMAN project: screening and counselling | 1 year (baseline-1 year) | MI vs EI | Risk of CHD, LYG | 1586 (f), 40-64 | USA, community/healthcare sites, RCT |
| Â | Dzator et al. (2004) [19] | Self-directed intervention of PA and nutrition delivered by mail (low level) or by mail and group sessions (high level) | 16 weeks (baseline-16 weeks-1 year) | no intervention | BMI, Total/HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, PA (W/kg), nutrition fat intake | 137 (m/f) couples, all ages | Australia, home, RCT |
| Â | The Writing Group (2001) [43] | PA counselling with current recommended care | 2 years (baseline- 6 months- 1 year -18 months - 2 years) | usual care | Cardio-respiratory fitness, self-reported PA | 874 (m/f), 35-75 | USA, GPP, RCT |
other Econ. Analysis | Ackermann et al. (2003) [33] | Group-based exercise community programme | 20.7 months (baseline-20,7 months) | no intervention | Endurance, strength, balance, flexibility | 4,456 (m/f) ≥ 65 | USA, community, Retro MCT |
|  | Ackermann et al. (2008) [28] | Group-based PA programme | 2 years (baseline-1 year-2 years) | no intervention | Comorbidity (RxRisk-score, lipo-protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, haemoglobin, DM, CAD, arthritis) | 1,188 (m/f), ≥ 65 | USA, community, Retro MCT |
|  | Baun et al. (1986) [32] | Unsupervised and supervised health and fitness activities | 1 year (baseline-1 year) | no intervention | Absenteeism rates | 517 (m/f), ≥ 55 | USA, company, RCT |
| Â | Shephard (1982) [31] | Employee fitness and lifestyle programme | 9 months (baseline-1 year-2 years) | no intervention | - | 534 (m/f), 21- < 90 | Canada, company, CT |
| Â | Shephard et al. (1983) [30] | Employee fitness programme | 9 months (baseline-9 months) | no intervention | Fitness, HHA- score | 326 (m/f), 30.5-37.9 (mean) | Canada, company, RCT |