Table 2 Key economic findings
From: Costing of physical activity programmes in primary prevention: a review of the literature
Type of econ. analysis | Author (year of publication) | Key economic findings (costs as reported in studies) | Reported costs (or costs per effectiveness-outcome) converted to 2008 EUROS |
|---|---|---|---|
CUA | Chen et al. (2008) [34] | ICER: USD15,103/QALY gained | [No year of intervention] |
| Â | Munro et al. (2004) [23] | (1) ICER: EUR17,172/QALY gained; (2) CE: EUR4,739-EUR32,533/QALY | (1) EUR18,364 (2) EUR5,068-EUR34,791 |
CEA | Elley et al. (2004) [20] | (1) Monthly CER: NZD11/kcal/kg/day; (2) ICER: NZD1,756 converted sedentary adult to an active state in 12 months | (1) EUR 8 (2) EUR1,268 |
| Â | Stevens et al. (1998) [22] | (1) GBP623/one sedentary person doing more PA; (2) GBP2,498/moving someone who is active but below min. level | [No year of intervention] |
| Â | Robertson et al. (2001a) [27] | (1) ICER: NZD1,803/fall prevented; (2) NZD7,471/injurious fall prevented (cost saving for people older than 80 years) | (1) EUR1,423 (2) EUR5,898 |
| Â | Robertson et al. (2001b) [26] | (1) ICER: NZD1,519/fall prevented; (2) NZD3,404/injurious fall prevented (exercise programme only more cost-effective for those over 80 years) | (1) EUR1,202 (2) EUR2,694 |
| Â | Robertson et al. (2001c) [25] | (1) ICER: NZD314/fall prevented (1 year); NZD265/fall prevented (2 years); (2) NZD457/injurious fall prevented (1 year); NZD426/injurious fall prevented (2 years) | (1) EUR261; EUR220 (2) EUR379; EUR353 |
| Â | Proper et al. (2004) [21] | CER without (with) imputation of effect data: (1) EUR5 (EUR3)/extra energy expenditure (kcal/day); (2) EUR235 (EUR46)/beat per minute decrease in submaximal heart rate; (3) total net costs (9 months): EUR305; (4) benefits from sick leave reduction (1 year later): EUR635 | (1) EUR6 (EUR3) (2) EUR267 (EUR52) (3) EUR346 (4) EUR721; [Apy 2000] |
| Â | Shephard (1992) [35] | (1) Programme benefits/worker/year (participation rate of 20%): CAD679; (2) ROI: CAD7; (3) long-term cost-benefit: CAD5 to 1 | (1) EUR757 (2) EUR8 (3) EUR5 to 1 |
| Â | Sevick et al. (2000) [36] | (1) Lifestyle intervention (24 months): USD20/additional kcal/kg/day per month (2) Structured intervention (24 months): USD71/additional kcal/kg/day per month (different outcomes) | (1) EUR23 (2) EUR81; [Apy 1998] |
| Â | Finkelstein et al. (2002) [24] | (1) IC of EI per person: USD191; (2) ICER: USD637/1% point additional decrease in 10-year probability of CHD for EI compared with MI; (3) nearly USD5,000/LYG (n.sig.) | (1) EUR226 (2) EUR753 (3) EUR5,911; [Apy 1996] |
| Â | Dzator et al. (2004) [19] | 1-year follow-up: Average incremental costs/unit change in outcome variables: (1) high intervention: AUD460; (2) low intervention: AUD459; (3) control: AUD462 (different outcomes) | [No year of intervention] |
| Â | The Writing Group (2001) [43] | (1) For 2 years: IC/participant of assistance intervention: USD500; (2) IC of counselling intervention/participant: USD1,100 | (1) EUR591 (2) EUR1,300; [Apy 1996] |
other Econ. Analysis | Ackermann et al. (2003) [33] | (1) Increase in annual healthcare costs: USD642 (IG) and USD1,175 (CG); (2) Savings in annual healthcare costs: USD533 | (1) EUR735 and EUR1,345 (2) EUR610; [Apy 1998] |
| Â | Ackermann et al. (2008) [28] | Adjusted total healthcare costs (after 2 years): USD1,186 lower | EUR1,115 |
| Â | Baun et al. (1986) [32] | (1) Healthcare costs: USD553 (participants) and USD1,146 (controls); (2) Healthcare savings: USD593 | (1) EUR921and EUR1,908 (2) EUR987 |
| Â | Shephard (1982) [31] | Savings per employee/year: CAD84.50 (ICER n.s.) | - |
| Â | Shephard et al. (1983) [30] | Decrease in body fat related to increased hospital utilisation and medical care costs in men and women (no $ values reported) (different outcomes) | [no $ values reported] |