Table 3 Costing in economic analyses of physical activity programmes in primary prevention

Recruit-ment

Programme

Participant time

Direct medical

Direct non-medical

Indirect

Phys.units

d (%)

Price year/valuation of cost components

Chen et al. (2008) [34]

-

-

personnel, paper, machine maintenance, transport, extra equipment, babysitter

lost income

-

(hospital, outpatient and emergency visits)^a

-

-

+/-

-

n.s./personnel: salary

Munro et al. (2004) [23]

-

reminders, invitation, leaflet

admin., rent (office, halls), travel, personnel, consumables

-

-

(hospital, outpatient, emergency, GP)^a

-

-

(morbidity, mortality)^a

+

-

2003/04/actual prices paid

Elley et al. (2004) [20]

set-up and coordinating

-

coordinating, sports foundation support, staff training, personnel, admin., rent, printing, postage

-

health funder/patient costs: accident-related referrals, GP visits, hospitalisation

costs for add. exercise

sick leave

+

5 c

2001/personnel, overhead, productivity loss: average wages, GP: average consultation charges; therapists: average patient surcharge; hospital costs: local district health board

Stevens et al. (1998) [22]

-

postage, stationery, admin.

postage, stationery, personnel incl. institution cost, equipment

-

-

-

-

-

-

n.s./personnel: wage costs plus institution costs

Robertson et al. (2001a) [27]

-

incl. in PC

overhead, personnel, materials, travel, accommodation, postage, pager, admin., equipment, exercise instructor excl.

zero (leisure time)

hospital (emergency room, theatre, ward, physician, radiology, laboratory, blood services, pharmacy products, social workers, physiotherapy, occupational therapy) incl. overhead costs

-

-

retired

+

-

1998/opportunity costs/overhead cost as 21.9% of observed resource use; physician: average time cost,

PIC: hospital and trial records, 1/2 recruitment cost because of control group

Robertson et al. (2001b) [26]

-

incl. in PC

overhead, personnel, materials, travel, accommodation, postage, pager, admin., equipment, exercise instructor excl.

zero (leisure time)

hospital (emergency, theatre, ward, physician, radiology, laboratory, blood services, pharmaceuticals, social workers, physiotherapy, occupational therapy) incl. overhead

-

-

retired

+

-

1998/opportunity costs/overhead cost as 21.9% of observed resource use; physician: average time cost, PIC: hospital and trial records, 1/2 recruitment cost because of control group

Robertson et al. (2001c) [25]

-

incl. in PC

overhead, personnel, materials, equipment

-

hospital (inpatient, outpatient, emergency, overhead), home care, GP, medical specialist, dentist, out-of-pocket expenses

-

-

retired

+

-

1995/fall-associated hospital costs: hospital financial records; physicians: Statistics NZ; out-of-pocket expenses: patient report

Proper et al. (2004) [21]

m

m

information session, physician/counsellor consultation, written information, fitness/health test, personnel

-

-

-

sick leave

-

-

n.c.s./fair market value; mean salary costs of civil servants

Shephard (1992) [35]

-

-

gym, equipment, rent, operating/maintenance cost (consulting, personnel, interior construction), contribution/membership fees

-

(hospital and medical claims)^b

-

(absenteeism, productivity)^b

-

-

1990/opportunity costs

Sevick et al. (2000) [36]

-

-

personnel, computerised tracking system, materials, printing, postage, facilities, health club memberships

-

-

-

-

-

5 c

n.s./actual price; personnel: hourly wage rate incl. fringe rate

Finkelstein et al. (2002) [24]

-

newspaper, TV

personnel, equipment and supplies, admin.

-

-

-

-

+/-

3 e

n.c.s./fair market values; services below market value: rates for similar services

Dzator et al. (2004) [19]

PD, review, improvement

-

personnel, printing, postage, equipment, information package, consumables, rent

-

-

-

-

+

5 c

n.s./equipment annuitised; resource use: corresponding unit cost; time of staff: wage rate

The Writing Group (2001) [43]

-

-

-

(individual visits by GP, telephone calls, classes, newsletters)^b

-

-

-

-

+/-

-

n.s./valuation n.s.

Ackermann et al. (2003) [33]

-

-

-

(admin., charge per enrolee per visit)^a

-

hospital, primary care/preventive services (staff, pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, inpatient, community services, overhead)

-

-

+

-

n.s./units of service weighted by (technical) relative value units, College of Anatomical Pathology units, visits length

Ackermann et al. (2008) [28]

-

-

-

(charge per enrolee per visit)^a

-

hospital, primary care, speciality care, (staff, nursing, pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, hospital inpatient, community services, overhead)

-

-

+

-

2005/units of service weighted by (technical) relative value units, College of Anatomical Pathology units, visits length

Baun et al. (1986) [32]

-

-

-

(fitness centre equipment)^a

-

inpatient and outpatient costs

-

-

(absenteeism)^a

+

-

1983/claims records from insurance

Shephard (1982) [31]

-

-

-

-

hospital, medical claims (electrocardiography, orthopaedic, obstetric/gynaecology services, other)

-

-

+

-

1977/78/Ontario Health Insurance Plan records

Shephard et al. (1983) [30]

-

-

-

-

hospital, total medical claims, other

-

-

+/-

-

1977/78/Ontario Health Insurance Plan records