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Table 5 Multinomial probit estimates of the effects of declining fertility and health information gap on c-section use (Base outcome: vaginal delivery; Treatment group: female physicians and female relatives of physicians; Comparison group: other women; Main explanatory variable: log of lagged ob/gyns per 100 births × Information), 1996-2004a

From: Mind the information gap: fertility rate and use of cesarean delivery and tocolytic hospitalizations in Taiwan

 

C-section

C-section on maternal request

Variables

Coef.

Robust Std. Err.

Coef.

Robust Std. Err.

Log of lagged ob/gyns per 100 births

0.174***

0.038

0.339***

0.091

Log of lagged ob/gyns per 100 births × Informationb

-0.008

0.134

-0.293***

0.106

Informationb

-0.304

0.164

-0.103*

0.057

Log GFR

-0.291

0.285

-0.681***

0.084

Patients' characteristics

    

   Age

0.056***

0.001

0.055***

0.002

   Insurable wage (÷102)

-0.0004***

0.00005

-0.0003***

0.0001

   Previous c-section

7.503***

0.025

3.785***

0.038

   Fetal distress

4.672***

0.018

---c

---c

   Dystocia

4.598***

0.027

---c

---c

   Breech

3.761***e

0.034

---c

---c

   Other complications

4.517***

0.019

---c

---c

Hospitals' characteristics

    

   Private non-profit

-0.538***

0.021

0.195***

0.031

   Proprietary

0.150***

0.028

1.175***

0.04

   Medical Center

0.156***e

0.044

0.582***

0.059

   Regional Hospital

-0.408***

0.031

0.123**

0.042

   District Hospital

-0.158***

0.02

0.470***

0.023

   Teaching Hospital

0.132***

0.027

0.081**

0.034

   Bed size (÷102)

-0.028***

0.002

-0.0002

0.002

Ob/gyn characteristics

    

   Ob/gyn age

0.006

0.01

0.002

0.013

   Ob/gyn gender

0.091

0.067

0.152

0.084

Constant

-9.240**

2.66

-2.51

4.173

Log likelihood

-4,399,462.47

  1. a The regression includes a full set of time and regional dummies and N = 2,241,980.
  2. b Information is a dummy variable and information = 1 indicates medically-informed individuals.
  3. * Statistically significant at the 10% level.
  4. ** Statistically significant at the 5% level.
  5. *** Statistically significant at the 1% level.
  6. c Coefficients and standard errors were not estimated because CDMR by definition does not have medical complications.
  7. g The marginal effect of the interaction term "Log of lagged ob/gyn per 100 births × Information" on the probability of having c-sections: Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 2910312 , I = 0 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 6134288 , I = 0 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 2910312 , I = 1 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 6134288 , I = 1 = 0 . 0004363
  8. Standard error for the marginal effect obtained by bootstrapping: 0.0005167
  9. h The marginal effect of the interaction term "Log of lagged ob/gyn per 100 births × Information" on the probability of having CDMR: Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 2910312 , I = 0 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 6134288 , I = 0 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 2910312 , I = 1 - Pr L O B B I R T H = - 0 . 6134288 , I = 1 = 0 . 0001728
  10. Standard error for the marginal effect obtained by bootstrapping: 0.0006485