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Table 5 Effects of health care expenditure on death rate (per 1000 people)

From: The effects of public and private health care expenditure on health status in sub-Saharan Africa: new evidence from panel data analysis

 

GLS-fixed effects model

GLS-random effects model

Variables

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

Constant

17.587 (0.786)

17.645 (0.782)

17.778 (0.796)

17.070 (0.759)

Real GDP Per Capita

−0.001 (−4.947)***

−0.001 (−3.874)***

−0.001 (−4.629)***

−0.001 (−3.763)***

Health Expenditure (Total)

−0.567 (−7.865)***

 

−0.505 (−7.359)**

 

Health Expenditure (Public)

 

−0.839 (−5.991)***

 

−0.797 (−5.812)***

Health Expenditure (Private)

 

−0.445 (−4.812)***

 

−0.381 (−4.416)***

Population <14 yrs

0.018 (0.080)

0.025 (0.115)

0.010 (0.045)

0.026 (0.115)

Population 15-64 yrs

−0.036 (−0.158)

−0.042 (−0.182)

−0.042 (−0.184)

−0.040 (−0.175)

Population >65 yrs

0.377 (1.429)

0.422 (1.586)

0.386 (1.467)

0.436 (1.642)

HIV Prevalence rate

0.125 (3.172)**

0.099 (2.244)**

0.10 (2.803)**

0.085 (2.182)**

R-squared

0.703

0.702

0.148

0.151

Durbin-Watson

0.211

0.204

0.176

0.174

F-Stat.

18.508***

17.904***

12.148***

10.53

Observations

424

421

424

421

Cross section included

43

43

43

43

  1. Note: ***significant at 1%; **significant at 5%; *significant at 10%.
  2. t-statistics are reported in parenthesis.
  3. (1) is model with aggregate health care expenditure.
  4. (2) is model with aggregate health expenditure decomposed into public and private.