Table 7 Cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratio
From: Potential cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios of adult pneumococcal vaccination in Germany
|  | PCV13 vs. PPV23 | PCV13 vs.‘no vaccination’ | PPV23 vs.‘no vaccination’ |
|---|---|---|---|
 Cost-effectiveness  | |||
Additional vaccination cost (€) | 36,322,624 | 63,341,927 | 27,019,302 |
Cost savings (€) | 75,907,677 | 80,248,574 | 4,340,897 |
Life years gained | 22,942 | 24,480 | 1,537 |
ICER (cost per life year gained) | −1,725 | −691 | 14,751 |
 Benefit-cost ratio  | |||
Direct cost | 2.09 | 1.27 | 0.16 |
Direct cost + indirect cost | 2.16 | 1.32 | 0.19 |