From: Potential cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios of adult pneumococcal vaccination in Germany
 | Benefit-cost ratio PCV13 vs. ‘PPV23 | Benefit-cost ratio PCV13 vs. ‘no vaccination’ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
 | Only direct cost | Including indirect cost | Only direct cost | Including indirect cost |
Base case | 2.09 € | 2.16 € | 1.27 € | 1.32 € |
PCV13 revaccination according to current PPV23 adult vaccination recommendations in Germany [[15]] | 2.97 € | 3.11 € | 1.08 € | 1.14 € |
Revaccination PCV13 not needed | 16.74 € | 17.26 € | 2.81 € | 2.92 € |
Revaccination PCV13 every 5 years | 0.97 € | 1.00 € | 0.75 € | 0.78 € |
Incidence for in- and outpatient CAP according to Schnoor et al.: -55% [[48]] | 1.01 € | 1.05 € | 0.65 € | 0.68 € |
PPV23 effectiveness against IPD upper limit [[9]] | 2.07 € | 2.14 € | 1.27 € | 1.32 € |
PPV23 effectiveness against IPD lower limit [[9]] | 2.12 € | 2.19 € | 1.27 € | 1.32 € |
PPV23 effective in preventing inpatient CAP according to Maruyama et al. [[29]]: 45% | 0.86 € | 0.88 € | 1.28 € | 1.34 € |
PCV13 ineffective in preventing in- and outpatient CAP | 0.17 € | 0.17 € | 0.16 € | 0.18 € |
No indirect herd effects of PCV7 vaccination | 2.51 € | 2.60 € | 1.54 € | 1.61 € |