Table 4 Bivariate probit results for participation in off-farm work, 2001 survey 1
From: US Farm households: joint decision making and impact of health insurance on labor market outcomes
Variable | Marginal effects farm women | Marginal effects spouse partner |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.055 | 0.028 |
(3.52)*** | (1.89)* | |
Age squared | −0.001 | 0.0004 |
(−4.72)*** | (−3.20)*** | |
Presence of: | −0.135 | −0.035 |
Children under 6 years of age (1 = yes) | (−2.13)** | (−0.50) |
Children age 6 to 11 years (1 = yes) | −0.150 | −0.134 |
(−2.84)*** | (−2.41)** | |
Children age 12 to 18 years (1 = yes) | −0.044 | −0.042 |
(−1.01) | (−0.89) | |
Children over 18 and away years (1 = yes) | 0.088 | 0.096 |
(2.17)** | (2.24)** | |
Farm man educational attainment | 0.153 | 0.091 |
High school graduate | (2.21)** | (1.62)* |
Vocational/technical school/some college | 0.211 | 0.114 |
(2.95)*** | (1.87)* | |
College graduate | 0.311 | 0.069 |
(4.11)*** | (0.96) | |
Post graduate | 0.455 | 0.332 |
Reference category: Less than high school | (4.98)*** | (4.30)*** |
Labor market characteristics | −2.353 | −0.703 |
Commuting zone unemployment rate (2000) | (−2.10)** | (−0.61) |
Commuting zone population growth rate (1990–2000) | 0.152 | 0.226 |
(0.85) | (1.15) | |
Farm inherited or purchased: | 0.015 | −0.064 |
Through her family | (0.33) | (−1.23) |
Through his family | 0.016 | −0.010 |
(0.43) | (−0.25) | |
Growing up years for spouse/partner | −0.059 | −0.153 |
In country, but not on farm | (−1.19) | (−2.34)** |
In small town | −0.028 | −0.158 |
(−0.71) | (−3.11)*** | |
Suburban or urban area | −0.026 | −0.092 |
Reference category: Growing up on a farm or ranch | (−1.75)* | (−1.53) |
Farm characteristics | −0.0001 | −0.0002 |
Land owned (acres) | (−4.57)*** | (−8.95)*** |
Debt-asset ratio | 0.106 | 0.059 |
(2.14)** | (1.09) | |
ERS farm production regions | −0.034 | 0.027 |
Northern Crescent | (−0.72) | (0.53) |
Eastern Uplands and Mississippi Portal | 0.013 | 0.105 |
(0.27) | (2.08)** | |
Southern Seaboard | −0.092 | 0.041 |
(−1.53) | (0.64) | |
Fruitful Rim | −0.039 | 0.020 |
(−0.56) | (0.28) | |
Basin and Range | −0.036 | 0.075 |
Reference category: Heartland, Northern Great Plains, Prairie Gateway | (−0.43) | (0.84) |