Is quality costly? Patient and hospital cost drivers in vascular surgery

Kruse, Marie; Christensen, Jan

doi:10.1186/2191-1991-3-22

Health Economics Review

Table 4 Sensitivity analyses, patient level

From: Is quality costly? Patient and hospital cost drivers in vascular surgery

Variable name	Parameter estimate (2009 EURO’s)	Standard error	t value	Probability of estimate = 0
Sensitivity analysis 1: Only the first discharge per patient per year is included
Department 1	696	618	1.13	0.2599
Department 2	668	658	1.02	0.3096
Department 3	−298	549	−0.54	0.5875
Department 4	−915	540	−1.70	0.0899
Department 5	−1,044	544	−1.92	0.0551
Department 6	1,588*	540	2.94	0.0033
Department 7	−1,152	905	−1.27	0.2034
Department 8	1,157*	555	2.08	0.0372
Department 9	49	558	0.09	0.9300
2006	480	263	1.82	0.0682
2007	1,888*	229	8.25	< .0001
2008	495*	249	1.99	0.0465
2009	1,206*	232	5.19	< .0001
DRG index	4,395*	249	17.65	< .0001
DRG index squared	744*	52	14.32	< .0001
Age less than 50	48	275	0.18	0.8610
Age 50-60	137	234	0.59	0.5585
Age 70-80	178	186	0.96	0.3375
Age 80-90	86	242	0.35	0.7227
Age 90+	−1,344*	668	−2.01	0.0444
Woman	−534*	151	−3.53	0.0004
Daily smoker	−100	96	−1.04	0.2983
BMI information missing	1,440*	459	3.14	0.0017
Underweight	−272	449	−0.61	0.5451
Overweight	37	198	0.19	0.8519
Obese	380	267	1.42	0.1542
Very obese	−1,505	946	−1.59	0.1116
Diabetes	−225	108	−2.08	0.0380
Cerebral comorbidity	−159	84	−1.89	0.0589
Hypertension	−380*	126	−3.01	0.0026
Cardiac comorbidity	20	54	0.37	0.7107
Pulmonary comorbidity	590*	181	3.26	0.0011
Very acute admission	2,748*	575	4.78	< .0001
Acute admission	1,247	334	3.74	0.0002
Elective	896	311	2.88	0.0040
Severity information missing	−126	420	−0.30	0.7640
Moderate (ASA = 2)	−524*	207	−2.53	0.0113
Severe (ASA = 3)	−335	245	−1.37	0.1718
Very severe/fatal (ASA > 3)	1,586*	468	3.39	0.0007
Lenght of stay	646*	11	58.20	< .0001
30 days mortality	4,113*	426	9.66	< .0001
No. observations	19,185
Model diagnostics (R ² )	0.63
Sensitivity analysis 2: All observations are included
Department 1 d1	1,084	597	1.81	0.0697
Department 2	883	643	1.37	0.1696
Department 3	−156	528	−0.30	0.7672
Department 4	−636	525	−1.21	0.2255
Department 5	−755	530	−1.43	0.1541
Department 6	2,096*	525	3.99	< .0001
Department 7	−930	871	−1.07	0.2854
Department 8	1,423*	541	2.63	0.0085
Department 9	386	544	0.71	0.4774
Department 10	−972	533	−1.82	0.0685
Department 11	6,672*	1,721	3.88	0.0001
2006	840*	251	3.35	0.0008
2007	2,036*	220	9.25	< .0001
2008	566*	237	2.39	0.0169
2009	1,324*	222	5.96	< .0001
DRG index	4,712*	243	19.37	< .0001
DRG index squared	727*	51	14.15	< .0001
Age less than 50	−40	267	−0.15	0.8815
Age 50-60	−43	227	−0.19	0.8513
Age 70-80	138	181	0.76	0.4458
Age 80-90	133	236	0.56	0.5733
Age 90+	−1,426*	650	−2.19	0.0284
Woman	−564*	148	−3.82	0.0001
Daily smoker	−106	94	−1.13	0.2583
BMI information missing	1,096*	450	2.44	0.0148
Underweight	−197	440	−0.45	0.6537
Overweight	−15	194	−0.08	0.9372
Obese	303	261	1.16	0.2445
Very obese	−1,350	922	−1.46	0.1433
Diabetes	−177	105	−1.68	0.0932
Cerebral comorbidity	−149	83	−1.80	0.0716
Hypertension	−334*	123	−2.71	0.0068
Cardiac comorbidity	25	53	0.46	0.6429
Pulmonary comorbidity	485*	176	2.75	0.0060
Very acute admission	2,365*	553	4.28	< .0001
Acute admission	1,206*	323	3.73	0.0002
Elective	790*	301	2.62	0.0088
Severity information missing	−421	407	−1.03	0.3014
Moderate (ASA = 2)	−480*	202	−2.37	0.0177
Severe (ASA = 3)	−269	238	−1.13	0.2579
Very severe/fatal (ASA > 3)	1,600*	460	3.48	0.0005
Lenght of stay	547*	10	53.62	< .0001
30 days mortality	3,893*	422	9.22	< .0001
No. observations	21,954
Model diagnostics (R ² )	0.62

NOTE: Parameter estimates that are statistically significant at 5 per cent level have the suffix *.
Quality included as 30 days mortality.

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ISSN: 2191-1991

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