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Table 1 Medications currently administered in the community, by ambulance paramedics and in hospital

From: A comparison of the cost-effectiveness of treatment of prolonged acute convulsive epileptic seizures in children across Europe

Country

Carer administration

Paramedic administration

Hospital administration

Source

Scotland

Buccal midazolam 100%

Rectal diazepam 100%

Buccal midazolam 100%

Delphi panel and patient surveys

Wales

Buccal midazolam 95%

Rectal diazepam 100%

Buccal midazolam 38%

Delphi panel and patient surveys

 

Rectal diazepam 5%

 

Rectal diazepam 62%

 

Germany

Rectal diazepam 81%

Rectal diazepam 82%

Rectal diazepam 82%

Delphi panel

 

Buccal use of lorazepam tablets 19%

Lorazepam 6%

Lorazepam 6%

 
  

Clonazepam 6%

Clonazepam 6%

 
  

Phenytoin 6%

Phenytoin 6%

 

Spain

Rectal diazepam 100%

Rectal diazepam 100%

Rectal diazepam 100%

Delphi panel and patient surveys

France

Rectal diazepam 92%

Rectal diazepam 84%

Rectal diazepam 84%

Delphi panel

  

IV clonazepam 10%

IV clonazepam 10%

 
 

Oral clonazepam 8%

   
  

Phenytoin 6%

Phenytoin 6%

 

Italy

Rectal diazepam 100%

Rectal diazepam 10%

Rectal diazepam 65%

Delphi panel

  

IV midazolam 90%

IV midazolam 35%

 

Switzerland

Rectal diazepam 45%

Rectal diazepam 50%

Rectal diazepam 50%

Clinician interviews

 

Buccal lorazepam 54%

IV diazepam 6%

IV diazepam 6%

 
 

Intranasal midazolam <2%

IV lorazepam 43%

IV lorazepam 43%

 
  

Intranasal midazolam 1%

Intranasal midazolam 1%

 
  

IV clonazepam <1%

IV clonazepam <1%

 
  

Phenobarbital <1%

Phenobarbital <1%

 
  1. IV = intravenous.
  2. ‘Buccal midazolam’ in this table refers to the unlicensed preparation.