Table 1 Mean values of dependent and selected independent variables, by condition

EPISODE CHARACTERISTICS

Number of episodes

368,473

88,102

84,299

Pct. surgical episodes

17.90

14.03

6.99

(14.5-22.9)

(9.2-19.7)

(4.0-10.2)

Cost per episode ($)

All episodes

581.71

3,260.03

559.14

(492–724)

(2,326-4,172)

(410–711)

Non-surgical episodes

117.53

554.34

239.40

(107–128)

(452–666)

(195–294)

Surgical episodes

2,710.97

19,834.43

4,811.77

(2,494-2,984)

(15,580-22,670)

(4,323-5,507)

MARKET CHARACTERISTICS

Ratio of Medicare physician payment per episode for surgical and non-surgical episodes

10.81

9.66

13.36

(9.6-12.0)

(8.6-10.6)

(10.2-17.1)

Primary care practitioners per 1,000 pop.

0.77

0.81

0.78

(0.52-1.01)

(0.53-1.07)

(0.51-1.05)

Relevant specialists per 1,000 pop.

0.08

0.10

0.05

(0.04-0.11)

(0.06-0.14)

(0.02-0.06)

Ambulatory surgery center capacity per 1,000 pop.

0.05

--

0.05

(0.02-0.08)

(0.02-0.09)

Hospital beds per 1,000 pop.

--

4.66

4.75

(2.9-6.5)

(2.8-7.3)

Pct. Medicare pop. enrolled in Medicare advantage plans

12.14

12.73

13.49

(0.1-35.6)

(0.2-35.9)

(0.2-35.9)

Pct. of the nonelderly pop. uninsured

16.26

16.28

16.60

(10.9-22.9)

(10.9-22.9)

(10.7-23.6)

Diagnosis propensity (difference between actual and predicted proportion with diagnosis)

0.09

0.02

0.05

(0.01-0.13)

(0.001-0.03)

(−0.001-0.08)

BENEFICIARY CHARACTERISTICS

Family income ($1000 s)

40.89

40.31

52.07

(26.0-56.1)

(25.1-54.4)

(32.5-70.6)

Pct. with medicaid coverage

7.64

8.83

4.80

(2.9-20.4)

(3.5-18.8)

(1.1-14.9)

Pct. with episodes in prior years

2004 & 2005

30.37

17.60

35.00

(23.5-35.0)

(13.3-21.9)

(22.8-44.0)

2005 only

22.19

22.93

21.33

(20.4-23.7)

(19.7-26.0)

(18.2-23.7)

2004 only

13.92

10.59

9.79

(12.3-16.2)

(8.2-12.6)

(6.5-12.5)