Table 4 Complete regression models for knee degeneration episodes

Intercept

<.01

<.01

263.75

0.69

1481.86

0.01

Medicare relative payment

1.048

<.01

115.57

0.00

Total hospital beds per 1,000 pop.

0.979

<.01

0.981

<.01

−18.75

0.22

−14.78

0.34

Medicare advantage %

1.001

0.31

1

0.88

4.03

0.54

0.67

0.92

Percent uninsured

1.003

0.29

1

0.85

−8.32

0.54

−14.50

0.29

Predicted family income, $1,000

0.999

<.01

0.999

<.01

−2.64

0.02

−2.67

0.02

PCPs per 1,000 pop

0.821

<.01

0.814

<.01

−179.78

0.27

−204.87

0.21

Orthopedic Surgeons per 1,000 pop

57.435

<.01

69.785

<.01

8076.99

<.01

8608.65

<.01

Knee diagnosis propensity

33.347

<.01

44.411

<.01

5122.99

0.00

5783.25

0.00

Knee in 2006 & 2005

1.837

<.01

1.837

<.01

1465.09

<.01

1465.48

<.01

Knee in 2006 & 2004

1.326

<.01

1.326

<.01

492.75

<.01

492.64

<.01

Knee in all 3 years

1.37

<.01

1.37

<.01

681.77

<.01

681.79

<.01

250,000 to 1 million pop.

1.113

<.01

1.101

<.01

248.86

0.16

218.53

0.22

Fewer than 250,000 pop.

1.092

0.01

1.018

0.60

−21.05

0.91

−178.17

0.33

Urban pop 20,000+, adjacent metro area

0.828

<.01

0.843

<.01

−515.46

0.01

−472.31

0.02

Urban pop 20,000+, not adjacent metro area

0.841

<.01

0.807

<.01

−804.99

0.00

−899.08

0.00

Completely rural or <20,000 urban pop, adjacent to a metro area

0.599

<.01

0.618

<.01

−1086.23

<.01

−1012.13

<.01

Completely rural or <20,000 urban pop, not adjacent to a metro area

0.835

<.01

0.841

<.01

−421.66

0.17

−390.97

0.20

Boston

1.999

<.01

1.977

<.01

459.11

0.30

424.87

0.33

Cleveland

1.862

<.01

1.844

<.01

−68.19

0.86

−92.57

0.81

Greenville

1.875

<.01

1.824

<.01

270.05

0.53

225.93

0.60

Indianapolis

2.289

<.01

2.331

<.01

481.85

0.28

521.84

0.24

Lansing

4.335

<.01

4.167

<.01

1743.84

0.00

1661.43

0.00

Little Rock

3.353

<.01

3.439

<.01

2073.97

<.01

2150.04

<.01

Newark

1.695

<.01

1.626

<.01

962.48

0.03

863.51

0.05

Orange Country

1.553

<.01

1.519

<.01

441.55

0.23

385.74

0.29

Phoenix

2.615

<.01

2.66

<.01

1245.15

0.00

1286.09

<.01

Seattle

4.234

<.01

4.1

<.01

1926.81

<.01

1843.13

<.01

Syracuse

1.866

<.01

1.816

<.01

196.01

0.67

137.73

0.77

Atlanta

1.926

<.01

1.841

<.01

439.34

0.29

331.66

0.43

Augusta

1.64

<.01

1.613

<.01

−105.73

0.82

−141.47

0.76

Baltimore

2.499

<.01

2.393

<.01

1444.44

0.00

1341.52

0.00

Bridgeport

1.783

<.01

1.74

<.01

492.16

0.27

440.17

0.33

Chicago

2.211

<.01

2.242

<.01

1086.10

0.01

1123.08

0.01

Columbus

1.524

<.01

1.55

<.01

−170.76

0.69

−127.22

0.77

Denver

2.251

<.01

2.323

<.01

782.53

0.03

860.28

0.02

Detroit

2.612

<.01

2.521

<.01

1042.65

0.02

965.72

0.03

Greensboro

2.366

<.01

2.34

<.01

737.38

0.06

713.82

0.06

Houston

2.297

<.01

2.387

<.01

769.28

0.05

871.75

0.02

Huntington

3.268

<.01

3.301

<.01

1215.06

0.01

1253.16

0.01

Killeen

1.061

0.59

1.218

0.07

−1071.01

0.02

−731.35

0.12

Knoxville

2.539

<.01

2.529

<.01

732.56

0.08

735.08

0.08

Las Vegas

2.538

<.01

2.644

<.01

1681.40

<.01

1782.93

<.01

Los Angeles

1.979

<.01

1.963

<.01

698.34

0.01

679.55

0.02

Middlesex

1.516

<.01

1.546

<.01

224.06

0.59

263.60

0.53

Milwaukee

2.711

<.01

2.671

<.01

928.57

0.04

895.44

0.05

Minneapolis

4.178

<.01

4.177

<.01

1422.31

0.00

1414.78

0.00

Modesto

3.488

<.01

3.802

<.01

1289.36

0.01

1502.17

0.00

Nassau

1.637

<.01

1.532

<.01

717.10

0.06

556.12

0.15

New York City

1.139

0.19

1.061

0.55

186.82

0.64

−13.89

0.97

Philadelphia

1.912

<.01

1.869

<.01

565.01

0.14

503.24

0.19

Pittsburgh

1.879

<.01

2.009

<.01

392.91

0.31

544.60

0.16

Portland

2.578

<.01

2.774

<.01

620.25

0.13

790.23

0.05

Riverside

2.819

<.01

2.929

<.01

1537.83

<.01

1634.94

<.01

Rochester

2.027

<.01

2.107

<.01

235.60

0.55

319.40

0.42

San Antonio

2.063

<.01

2.147

<.01

659.56

0.09

758.39

0.05

San Francisco

1.654

<.01

1.713

<.01

−346.54

0.39

−267.43

0.51

Santa Rosa

1.5

<.01

1.554

<.01

−245.71

0.55

−154.53

0.70

Shreveport

1.612

<.01

1.598

<.01

3.19

0.99

−8.20

0.99

St. Louis

3.115

<.01

3.05

<.01

1095.28

0.01

1045.82

0.01

Tampa

3.074

<.01

3.156

<.01

1547.16

<.01

1613.21

<.01

Tulsa

3.637

<.01

3.587

<.01

1648.34

0.00

1618.42

0.00

Washington DC

2.247

<.01

2.117

<.01

833.68

0.04

691.44

0.09

W Palm Beach

1.299

<.01

1.258

<.01

107.93

0.73

33.26

0.91

Worcester

1.426

<.01

1.441

<.01

−279.29

0.56

−259.90

0.59

Dothan

1.252

0.03

1.235

0.05

−0.29

1.00

−47.74

0.92

Terre Haute

1.936

<.01

1.948

<.01

689.23

0.17

635.20

0.20

Wilmington

2.695

<.01

2.631

<.01

1286.99

0.00

1238.71

0.00

W-Cen Alabama

5.728

<.01

5.735

<.01

1912.34

0.62

1917.45

0.62

Cen Arkansas

2.858

<.01

2.911

<.01

1460.14

0.00

1512.32

0.00

N Georgia

2.651

<.01

2.61

<.01

1258.66

0.00

1224.33

0.00

NE Illinois

4.713

<.01

4.993

<.01

2024.37

<.01

2185.34

<.01

NE Indiana

2.523

<.01

2.406

<.01

844.72

0.11

738.15

0.16

E Maine

4.272

<.01

4.149

<.01

2005.49

<.01

1935.89

<.01

E North Car

2.774

<.01

2.856

<.01

1440.15

0.00

1517.89

0.00

N Utah

3.588

<.01

3.746

<.01

2207.68

<.01

2297.29

<.01

NW Washington

5.126

<.01

4.948

<.01

2571.48

<.01

2483.29

<.01

Female, 70-74

0.869

<.01

0.868

<.01

−398.46

<.01

−398.37

<.01

Female, 75-79

0.77

<.01

0.77

<.01

−600.39

<.01

−600.47

<.01

Female, 80-84

0.604

<.01

0.604

<.01

−1092.32

<.01

−1094.17

<.01

Female, 85-89

0.301

<.01

0.3

<.01

−1923.30

<.01

−1927.73

<.01

Female, 90-94

0.081

<.01

0.081

<.01

−2879.62

<.01

−2878.14

<.01

Female, 95+

0.086

<.01

0.086

<.01

−2583.31

<.01

−2584.45

<.01

Male, 65-69

1.086

<.01

1.087

<.01

177.61

0.10

179.50

0.09

Male, 70-74

0.957

0.02

0.957

0.02

−242.75

0.02

−241.39

0.02

Male, 75-79

0.826

<.01

0.827

<.01

−446.79

<.01

−444.44

<.01

Male, 80-84

0.591

<.01

0.592

<.01

−1153.62

<.01

−1152.08

<.01

Male, 85-89

0.34

<.01

0.34

<.01

−2078.91

<.01

−2078.07

<.01

Male, 90-94

0.084

<.01

0.084

<.01

−2993.29

<.01

−2990.22

<.01

Male, 95+

0.011

<.01

0.011

<.01

−3829.36

<.01

−3822.73

<.01

Female covered by Medicaid

1.327

<.01

1.328

<.01

501.49

0.02

506.88

0.02

Covered by Medicaid

0.554

<.01

0.553

<.01

−1050.76

<.01

−1058.45

<.01

Originally disabled dummy variable

0.844

<.01

0.842

<.01

−215.49

0.03

−219.15

0.03

Diabetes and congestive heart failure

1.003

0.93

1.003

0.93

−38.62

0.81

−37.29

0.82

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease

1.075

0.12

1.075

0.12

105.11

0.66

106.14

0.66

Congestive heart failure and COPD

0.495

<.01

0.496

<.01

−1754.30

<.01

−1752.41

<.01

COPD, cardiovascular disease, and coronary artery disease

0.675

<.01

0.674

<.01

−964.91

0.04

−968.02

0.04

Arthritis and congestive heart failure

0.878

0.02

0.877

0.01

−461.98

0.09

−465.22

0.09

Arthritis, congestive heart failure, and diabetes

0.835

<.01

0.835

<.01

−597.90

0.03

−599.91

0.03

HIV/AIDS

0.847

0.58

0.848

0.58

−1015.23

0.47

−1022.80

0.46

Septicemia/Shock

0.637

<.01

0.635

<.01

−686.78

0.01

−690.87

0.01

Opportunistic Infections

0.724

0.00

0.716

<.01

−543.88

0.31

−559.52

0.29

Metastatic Cancer and Acute Leukemia

0.487

<.01

0.486

<.01

−1506.89

<.01

−1509.66

<.01

Lung, Upper Digestive Tract, and Other Severe Cancers

0.661

<.01

0.66

<.01

−857.56

0.00

−863.01

0.00

Lymphatic, Head and Neck, Brain, and Other Major Cancers

0.761

<.01

0.761

<.01

−568.29

0.00

−568.29

0.00

Breast, Prostate, Colorectal and Other Cancers and Tumors

0.931

<.01

0.93

<.01

−144.57

0.06

−145.97

0.06

Diabetes with Renal or Peripheral Circulatory Manifestation

0.965

0.23

0.964

0.22

188.89

0.23

183.82

0.24

Diabetes with Neurologic or Other Specified Manifestation

1.061

0.03

1.06

0.03

230.57

0.12

229.68

0.12

Diabetes with Acute Complications

1.236

0.03

1.227

0.03

585.17

0.25

567.65

0.26

Diabetes with Ophthalmologic or Unspecified Manifestation

0.731

<.01

0.729

<.01

−487.34

0.01

−493.09

0.01

Diabetes without Complication

1.049

<.01

1.049

<.01

125.82

0.06

126.91

0.05

Protein-Calorie Malnutrition

1.642

<.01

1.638

<.01

1346.17

<.01

1345.01

<.01

End-Stage Liver Disease

1.05

0.64

1.053

0.63

525.14

0.37

530.48

0.36

Cirrhosis of Liver

0.978

0.80

0.975

0.78

291.17

0.53

279.44

0.55

Chronic Hepatitis

1.011

0.90

1.015

0.87

−47.26

0.92

−42.97

0.93

Intestinal Obstruction/Perforation

0.905

<.01

0.905

<.01

−667.95

0.00

−667.78

0.00

Pancreatic Disease

0.657

<.01

0.657

<.01

−1061.98

<.01

−1065.62

<.01

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

1.054

0.22

1.053

0.23

−146.24

0.54

−147.79

0.54

Bone/Joint/Muscle Infections/Necrosis

2.468

<.01

2.466

<.01

3429.72

<.01

3427.43

<.01

Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Connective Tissue Disease

0.917

<.01

0.917

<.01

−163.11

0.05

−163.96

0.05

Severe Hematological Disorders

1.057

0.21

1.059

0.19

82.79

0.72

85.35

0.71

Disorders of Immunity

1.079

0.10

1.079

0.10

212.16

0.38

216.60

0.37

Drug/Alcohol Psychosis

4.755

<.01

4.765

<.01

6377.99

<.01

6379.30

<.01

Drug/Alcohol Dependence

1.443

<.01

1.449

<.01

866.60

0.08

878.27

0.08

Schizophrenia

0.532

<.01

0.531

<.01

−672.90

0.23

−683.61

0.22

Major Depressive, Bipolar, and Paranoid Disorders

0.995

0.84

0.993

0.79

79.90

0.57

77.78

0.58

Quadriplegia, Other Extensive Paralysis

0.579

0.00

0.577

0.00

−1305.80

0.08

−1312.71

0.08

Paraplegia

1.295

0.14

1.292

0.15

4976.07

<.01

4972.00

<.01

Spinal Cord Disorders/Injuries

0.754

<.01

0.753

<.01

−665.65

0.02

−665.73

0.02

Muscular Dystrophy

0.455

0.19

0.452

0.19

−2069.78

0.38

−2089.42

0.37

Polyneuropathy

1.067

<.01

1.067

0.00

331.19

0.00

331.35

0.00

Multiple Sclerosis

0.632

<.01

0.629

0.00

−975.37

0.09

−988.91

0.08

Parkinsons and Huntingtons Diseases

0.852

<.01

0.853

0.00

258.96

0.25

265.40

0.24

Seizure Disorders and Convulsions

1.101

0.01

1.102

0.01

42.32

0.83

44.85

0.82

Coma, Brain Compression/Anoxic Damage

1.168

0.13

1.169

0.13

−319.24

0.55

−314.72

0.55

Respirator Dependence/Tracheostomy Status

0.433

<.01

0.442

0.00

−1904.37

0.04

−1888.25

0.04

Respiratory Arrest

1.291

0.13

1.289

0.14

982.22

0.26

976.57

0.27

Cardio-Respiratory Failure and Shock

2.12

<.01

2.136

<.01

2272.11

<.01

2288.18

<.01

Congestive Heart Failure

1.016

0.46

1.014

0.50

34.53

0.74

32.35

0.76

Acute Myocardial Infarction

0.698

<.01

0.696

<.01

−1073.10

<.01

−1079.00

<.01

Unstable Angina and Other Acute Ischemic Heart Disease

1.051

0.05

1.052

0.05

211.42

0.12

214.37

0.12

Angina Pectoris/Old Myocardial Infarction

1.478

<.01

1.476

<.01

866.16

<.01

864.08

<.01

Specified Heart Arrhythmias

1.078

<.01

1.079

<.01

180.90

0.01

183.43

0.01

Cerebral Hemorrhage

0.726

<.01

0.729

0.00

−322.67

0.42

−317.69

0.43

Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke

0.931

0.02

0.93

0.02

−171.89

0.26

−173.23

0.26

Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis

0.785

<.01

0.785

0.00

−397.62

0.21

−400.07

0.21

Cerebral Palsy and Other Paralytic Syndromes

1.543

<.01

1.537

0.00

1015.38

0.15

1009.78

0.16

Vascular Disease with Complications

1.152

<.01

1.152

<.01

456.53

0.00

456.91

0.00

Vascular Disease

1.307

<.01

1.307

<.01

741.59

<.01

741.82

<.01

Cystic Fibrosis

0.07

<.01

0.07

0.00

−3123.65

0.067

−3148.35

0.07

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

1.498

<.01

1.495

<.01

972.38

<.01

968.82

<.01

Aspiration and Specified Bacterial Pneumonias

0.555

<.01

0.551

<.01

−1123.07

0.00

−1135.55

0.00

Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Emphysema, Lung Abscess

0.868

0.11

0.865

0.10

−370.29

0.42

−372.75

0.42

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Vitreous Hemorrhage

0.602

<.01

0.601

<.01

−1144.23

0.00

−1143.37

0.00

Dialysis Status

0.603

0.02

0.599

0.01

−1295.52

0.24

−1308.01

0.24

Renal Failure

1.263

<.01

1.263

<.01

548.15

<.01

549.32

<.01

Nephritis

1.531

<.01

1.53

<.01

1521.63

0.00

1519.22

0.00

Decubitus Ulcer of Skin

1.896

<.01

1.891

<.01

2250.55

<.01

2244.65

<.01

Chronic Ulcer of Skin, Except Decubitus

0.904

<.01

0.903

0.00

−53.72

0.71

−55.19

0.70

Extensive Third-Degree Burns

0.277

0.21

0.271

0.20

−1731.37

0.63

−1759.98

0.63

Severe Head Injury

0.581

0.31

0.58

0.31

−732.45

0.78

−720.63

0.78

Major Head Injury

0.796

<.01

0.798

0.00

−953.25

0.01

−952.89

0.01

Vertebral Fractures without Spinal Cord Injury

0.671

<.01

0.671

<.01

−746.57

<.01

−750.99

<.01

Hip Fracture/Dislocation

0.752

<.01

0.752

<.01

−622.68

0.00

−621.20

0.00

Traumatic Amputation

7.719

<.01

7.699

<.01

7341.31

<.01

7337.40

<.01

Amputation, Lower Limb/Amputation Complications

8.228

<.01

8.202

<.01

8871.35

<.01

8868.30

<.01

Major Complications of medical Care and Trauma

4.163

<.01

4.167

<.01

5813.92

<.01

5817.42

<.01

Major Organ Transplant Status

0.545

<.01

0.545

0.00

−1045.99

0.24

−1059.98

0.24

Artificial Openings for Feeding or Elimination

1.063

0.39

1.065

0.37

656.54

0.10

659.92

0.10