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Table 8 Group-specific estimates of status quo bias, Netherlands compared to Germany

From: Preferences for health insurance in Germany and the Netherlands - a tale of two countries

 

WTP values for changing contract

Netherlands

Std. error

Germanye)

Std. error

Women

-226***

34.65

-508***

50.05

Men

-292***

38.90

-483***

53.33

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.2020/(1.63)

0.7392/(0.11)

Age < 41 b),e)

-162***

35.56

-329***

50.13

Age 41 - 55

-234***

42.63

-407***

58.98

Age > 55

-479***

70.97

-940***

106.87

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.0559/(5.81)

0.0090/(27.70)

Retired

-456***

85.83

-953***

118.96

Non-retired

-221***

26.93

-402***

38.11

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.0089/(6.84)

0.0000/(19.45)

Privately insured e)

-293***

46.15

n.a.

n.a.

Legally insured

-240***

31.23

n.a.

n.a.

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.3403/(0.91)

0.7841/(0.08)

City with > 50,000 inh. a)

-241***

34.87

-569***

69.67

City with < 50,000 inh. a)

-281***

38.95

-473***

42.82

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.4511/(0.57)

0.2397/(1.38)

 

Education low c)

-212***

37.60

-590***

92.07

Education medium c)

-261***

50.87

-520***

43.86

Education high c)

-336***

51.46

-411***

74.72

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.1521/(3.77)

0,4642/(1.54)

Healthy (subjective)

-164***

33.99

-297***

54.05

Ill (subjective)

-325***

38.33

-609***

48.98

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.0017/(9.88)

0.0000/(18.95)

Non-chronic

-225***

28.67

-446***

39.72

Chronic

-351***

58.44

-641***

87.07

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.0542/(3.71)

0.0416/(4.15)

No physician visit

-204**

37.36

-402***

68.55

Physician visit d)

-297***

36.05

-533***

42.90

Prob > chi2/(chi2) a)

0.0722/(3.23)

0.1221/(2.39)

  1. a)Group-specific values differ with an error probability = Prob > chi2 (chi2-value after slash, bold and in italics if difference is significant at 5 percent or better).
  2. b)Age groups are < 43, 43-59, and > 59 in the German sample to contain about 55 percent of observations.
  3. c)Individuals with 9, 12, and 18 years of education, respectively.
  4. d)At least one physician visit related to illness during the past 12 months.
  5. *** (**, *) WTP values (compensations asked) with error probability of > 1 (>5, > 10) percent different from zero.