Table 2 Variable definitions

Birth weight

Birth weight in grams.

Birth weight reported

1 if child’s birth weight is reported;

0 otherwise.

Adequate prenatal care

1 if prenatal care is sought from a skilled

provider (doctor or nurse), the total

number of visits is at least four, and the

first prenatal care visit occurs within four

months of pregnancy; 0 otherwise.

mother’s age at birth

mother’s age at time of birth of child in

of child

years.

Birth order

child’s birth order.

Twin or multiple birth

1 if child is twin or from a multiple birth,

child

0 otherwise.

Urban residence

1 if area of residence is urban; 0 otherwise.

No education

1 if mother has no formal schooling;

0 otherwise.

Primary education

1 if mother’s highest education level is

primary; 0 otherwise.

Secondary education

1 if mother’s highest education level is

secondary; 0 otherwise.

Higher education

1 if mother’s highest education level is

higher; 0 otherwise.

Number of living

Number of living children born to mother.

children

Never married

1 if mother has never been married;

0 otherwise.

Final say on own

1 if mother has final say on own health

health care

care; 0 otherwise.

First born child

1 if child is first born; 0 otherwise.

Male child

1 if sex of child is male; 0 otherwise.

Preceding birth interval

The interval in months between birth of

the child under study and the immediate

preceding birth to the mother.

Mother wanted

1 if Yes; 0 otherwise.

pregnancy

Wealth index

household’s wealth index, ranges from 1

to 5.

Average distance to

Provincial level average distance to

nearest health facility

nearest health facility in kilometres.

Health facilities per

Number of health facilities per 100,000 of

100,000 of population

population, measured at the provincial

level.

Selection term

Term constructed from the selection

model that controls for sample selection

bias.

Prenatal care residual

Generalized residuals from the prenatal

care model.