A multilevel analysis of prenatal care and birth weight in Kenya

Health Economics Review

Table 4 Average marginal effects for sample selection and prenatal care models, robust Z statistics in parentheses

Variable	Report		Adequate
	(birth weight = 1)		(prenatal care = 1)
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
mother’s age at birth of child	0.005	0.009	0.018	0.018
	(0.75)	(1.19)	(2.80)	(2.78)
Square of mother’s age at birth of child	-0.00007	-0.0001	-0.0003	-0.0003
	(-0.57)	(-0.97)	(-2.50)	(-2.50)
Urban residence	0.079	0.064	-0.014	-0.014
	(4.17)	(3.07)	(-0.89)	(-0.90)
Primary education	0.142	0.14	0.040	0.040
	(8.05)	(6.64)	(2.47)	(2.46)
Secondary education	0.319	0.306	0.092	0.092
	(14.04)	(11.70)	(4.83)	(4.76)
Higher education	0.386	0.368	0.211	0.211
	(15.34)	(10.24)	(8.75)	(8.67)
Final say on own health care	0.0005	-0.007	0.001	0.001
	(0.03)	(-0.45)	(0.09)	(0.09)
First born child	0.099	0.088	0.006	0.006
	(5.92)	(5.84)	(0.45)	(0.46)
Male child	0.011	0.003	0.004	0.004
	(0.97)	(0.34)	(0.38)	(0.38)
Wealth index	0.084	0.092	0.021	0.021
	(14.02)	(14.23)	(4.41)	(4.45)
Average distance to nearest health facility	-0.024	-0.022	-0.011	-0.011
	(-5.09)	(-4.15)	(-2.78)	(-2.75)
Average distance to nearest health facility squared	0.001	0.0009	0.0003	0.0003
	(5.52)	(4.45)	(1.74)	(1.73)
Health facilities per 100,000 of population	0.083	0.070	0.073	0.073
	(4.98)	(4.43)	(5.30)	(5.33)
Health facilities per 100,000 of population squared	-0.002	-0.002	-0.002	-0.002
	(-3.81)	(-3.43)	(-5.08)	(-5.11)
ѱ		0.109		2.084×10^-20
ρ		0.59		2.084×10^-20
Likelihood ratio test for ρ =0: $χ_{1}^{2}$		788.19		4.5×10^-4
(P-value)		(0.00)		(0.492)
Number of observations	5,706	5,706	5,706	5,706

The estimates for the sample selection model come from a linear probability model while those of the prenatal care model come from a probit model.

ISSN: 2191-1991