Table 7 Average marginal effects from our chosen birth weight models, Z statistics in parentheses

Single level

multi–level

model

model

Adequate prenatal care

2205.127

2121.26

(2.18)

(1.72)

mother’s age at birth of child

-31.156

-19.635

(-1.56)

(-1.04)

Square of mother’s age at birth

0.535

0.358

of child

(1.60)

(1.13)

Urban residence

114.346

101.094

(2.99)

(2.43)

Primary education

355.392

366.505

(6.51)

(6.45)

Secondary education

648.9

684.583

(7.97)

(7.92)

Higher education

612.633

678.97

(5.17)

(5.38)

Final say on own health care

9.619

-3.928

(0.31)

(-0.12)

First born child

126.843

126.334

(2.94)

(3.02)

Male child

135.188

125.745

(5.24)

(5.14)

Wealth index

166.391

201.448

(7.15)

(7.07)

Selection residual

-2071.41

-2292.424

(-8.87)

(-7.79)

Prenatal care residual

-352.295

-300.713

(-1.43)

(-1.09)

Interaction of prenatal care with

-3991.354

-4037.807

residual

(-1.67)

(-1.42)

Square of Interaction of prenatal

3075.525

3114.758

care with residual

(1.63)

(1.40)

Cube of Interaction of prenatal

-736.606

-746.803

care with residual

(-1.54)

(-1.34)

ѱ

181478.556

ρ

0.414

LR test for ρ =0: ${\chi }_1^2(P-\mathit{\text{value}})$

114.43 (0.00)

Number of observations

2,741

2,741