Table 1 Variable description
From: Forgone care and financial burden due to out-of-pocket payments within the German health care system
Variables | Description | Ø (N = 2851) |
|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | ||
Total OOP payments | total amount of OOP payments in Euro | 215.15 |
Financial burden | Percentage of OOP payment expenses on available income | 0.012 |
Forgone care | Relinquishment of health care services (yes = 1; no = 0) | 0.056 |
Independent variables | ||
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Age | 67.32 | |
Age: 50-59 | Age between 50–59 years = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.35 |
Age: 60-69 | Age between 60–69 years = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.39 |
Age: 70-79 | Age between 70–79 years = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.19 |
Age ≥ 80 | Age ≥ 80 = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.07 |
Men | Gender: male = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.47 |
Ability to pay | ||
Income | in thousands of Euros | 23.7 |
1. Quintile | if income < 13.176 € = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
2. Quintile | if income between 13.177 € - 19.651 € = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
3. Quintile | if income between 19.652 € - 29.423 € =1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
4. Quintile | if income between 29.424 € - 50.634 € = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
5. Quintile | if income > 50.635 € = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
Health status | ||
1-2 chronic diseases1 | suffering from 1–2 chronic diseases = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.52 |
≥3 chronic diseases | suffering from ≥3 chronic diseases = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.2 |
1-2 acute health problems2 | suffering from 1–2 acute health problems = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.5 |
≥ 3 acute health problems | suffering from ≥ 3 acute health problems =1; otherwise = 0 | 0.83 |
Depressive symptoms3 | >3 depressive symptoms = 1; ≤ 3 depressive symptoms = 0 | 0.27 |
ADL4 | ≥1 limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.09 |
SAH < good5 | if self-assessed health is fair, bad or very bad = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.44 |
Education and health insurance | ||
Low education6 | for ISCED-values between 0–2 = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.18 |
Intermediate education | for ISCED-values between 3–4 = 1; otherwise = 0 | 0.56 |
SHI | for persons with statutory health insurance (SHI) = 1; for privately insured = 0 | 0.89 |