Determinants | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total expenditure | Public expenditure | Private expenditure | ||||
FEM | REM | FEM | REM | FEM | REM | |
Constant | - 9.442(0.000)*** | - 8.312(0.000) *** | - 7.838(0.001)*** | - 7.837(0.000)*** | - 22.029(0.000)*** | - 21.34(0.000)*** |
GDP per capita1) | 0.7293(0.000) *** | 0.7255(0.000)*** | 0.412(0.004)*** | 0.449(0.001)*** | 1.128(0.000)*** | 1.101(0.000)*** |
Female population | 0.1087(0.002)** | 0.0864(0.015)*** | 0.068(0.091)* | 0.067(0.100)* | 0.323(0.000)*** | 0.309(0.000)*** |
Urban population | 0.0240(0.001)*** | 0.0205(0.002)** | 0.026(0.002)*** | 0.027(0.000)*** | 0.014(0.101)* | 0.010(0.208) |
Elderly population | 0.0749(0.041)* | 0.0634(0.089)* | 0.206(0.000)*** | 0.192(0.000)*** | - 0.301(0.000)*** | - 0.288(0.000)*** |
Life expectancy at birth | 0.0297(0.001)*** | 0.0323(0.000)*** | 0.054(0.000)*** | 0.052(0.000)*** | 0.029(0.009)*** | 0.032(0.002)*** |
Observation (N) | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 |
R2(R-squared) | ||||||
Within | 0.8651 | 0.8643 | 0.8752 | 0.8750 | 0.6859 | 0.6853 |
Between | 0.4924 | 0.5093 | 0.2837 | 0.2974 | 0.4195 | 0.4462 |
Overall | 0.5501 | 0.5666 | 0.3875 | 0.4005 | 0.4346 | 0.4590 |
F-statistics | 161.61(0.000)*** | - | 176.66 (0.000)*** | - | 55.04(0.000)*** | - |
Wald chi2 (5) | - | 686.58 (0.000)*** | - | 830.37(0.000)*** | - | 280.63 (0.000)*** |
Hausman test | Chi2 (5) = 26.37 (0.0001)*** | Chi2 (5) = 13.11 (0.022)* | Chi2 (5) = 4.04 (0.5431) |