|
Variables
|
Stunted N = 1934
|
Chi-Square
|
Under weight N = 1200
|
Chi-square
|
Wasted N = 541
|
Chi-square
|
|---|
|
Place of residence
| | | | | | |
|
Urban
|
418 (21.3)
|
61.3911***
|
254 (20.89)
|
37.5728***
|
130 (23.85)
|
5.3729**
|
|
Rural
|
1544 (71.90)
| |
962 (79.11)
| |
415 (76.15)
| |
|
Mother’s education
| | | | | | |
|
None
|
1257 (64.07)
|
125.7010***
|
788(64.91)
|
71.9399***
|
331 (60.96)
|
17.6267***
|
|
Primary
|
631 (32.16)
| |
367(30.23)
| |
173 (31.86)
| |
|
Secondary +
|
74 (3.77)
| |
59(4.86)
| |
39 (7.18)
| |
|
Wealth quintile
| | | | | | |
|
Poorest
|
1099 (56.01)
|
179.0416***
|
707 (58.14)
|
113.2899***
|
289 (53.03)
|
28.6886***
|
|
Poor
|
414 (21.10)
| |
241 (19.82)
| |
108 (19.82)
| |
|
Middle
|
248 (12.64)
| |
134 (11.02)
| |
71 (13.03)
| |
|
Rich
|
130 (6.63)
| |
96 (7.89)
| |
47 (8.62)
| |
|
Richest
|
71 (3.62)
| |
38 (3.13)
| |
30 (5.50)
| |
|
Sex of child
| | | | | | |
|
Male
|
1093 (55.71)
|
23.3813***
|
679 (55.84)
|
13.4240***
|
335 (61.47)
|
28.1695***
|
|
Female
|
869 (44.29)
| |
537 (44.16)
| |
70 (57.38)
| |
|
Administrative region
| | | | | | |
|
Western
|
90 (4.59)
|
192.5907***
|
55 (4.52)
|
154.9754***
|
31 (5.69)
|
60.7955***
|
|
Central
|
234 (11.93)
| |
134 (11.02)
| |
60 (11.01)
| |
|
Greater Accra
|
46 (2.34)
| |
28 (2.30)
| |
14 (2.57)
| |
|
Volta
|
77 (3.92)
| |
43 (3.54)
| |
31 (5.69)
| |
|
Eastern
|
77 (3.92)
| |
38 (3.13)
| |
23 (4.22)
| |
|
Ashanti
|
103 (5.25)
| |
57 (4.69)
| |
30 (5.50)
| |
|
Brong Ahafo
|
70 (3.57)
| |
38 (3.13)
| |
12 (2.20)
| |
|
Northern
|
716 (36.49)
| |
471 (38.73)
| |
167 (30.64)
| |
|
Upper East
|
288 (14.68)
| |
185 (15.21)
| |
75 (13.76)
| |
|
Upper West
|
261 (13.30)
| |
167 (13.73)
| |
102 (18.72)
| |
|
Child size at birth
| | | | | | |
|
Very large
|
209 (40.90)
|
0.3193
|
140 (44.59)
|
2.1032
|
61 (44.53)
|
7.5255
|
|
Above average
|
230 (45.01)
| |
130 (41.40)
| |
63 (45.99)
| |
|
Average
|
72 (14.09)
| |
44 (14.01)
| |
13 (9.49)
| |
|
Health insurance
| | | | | | |
|
Yes
|
999 (51.65 %)
|
8.4815***
|
586 (48.83 %)
|
18.4819***
|
253 (46.77 %)
|
16.8824***
|
|
No
|
935 (48.35)
| |
614 (51.17 %)
| |
288 (53.23 %)
| |
|
Antenatal care
| | | | | | |
|
Skilled
|
466 (95.88 %)
|
0.0743
|
285 (95.00 %)
|
1.1382
|
129 (98.47 %)
|
2.2200
|
|
Unskilled
|
20 (4.12 %)
| |
15 (5.00 %)
| |
2 (1.53 %)
| |
- Source: Authors’ computation
- Statistical significance were marked as **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Percentages are reported in parenthesis
