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Table 1 Summary statistics for use of reproductive health inputs − pooled data: 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008

From: Socioeconomic determinants of use of reproductive health services in Ghana

Variables

Contraceptive models

Variables

Antenatal and delivery

 

N

Mean

SD

 

N

Mean

SD

Modern contraception

8,270

0.150

0.357

Delivery assistance

8,261

0.476

0.499

Use of condoms only

8,270

0.025

0.155

Health facility

8,259

0.458

0.498

Other modern contracep

8,270

0.125

0.331

Woman’s age

   

Woman’s age

   

 15–19 (Ref)

8,261

0.051

0.221

 15–19 (1 = base)

8,270

0.051

0.221

 20–24

8,261

0.205

0.404

 20–24 = (2)

8,270

0.205

0.404

 25–29

8,261

0.256

0.436

 25–29 = (3)

8,270

0.256

0.436

 30–34

8,261

0.208

0.406

 30–34 = (4)

8,270

0.208

0.406

 35–39

8,261

0.158

0.365

 35–39 = (5)

8,270

0.158

0.364

 40–44

8,261

0.086

0.281

 40–44 = (6)

8,270

0.086

0.281

 45–49

8,261

0.036

0.186

 45–49 = (7)

8,270

0.036

0.187

Birth order

   

Woman’s education

   

 One child (Ref)

8,261

0.208

0.406

 No educ (1 = Base)

8,270

0.418

0.493

 Two children

8,261

0.195

0.396

 Primary = (2)

8,270

0.276

0.447

 Three children

8,261

0.158

0.365

 Secondary = (3)

8,270

0.293

0.455

 Four and above

8,261

0.438

0.496

 Tertiary = (4)

8,270

0.013

0.115

 Woman’s education

   

Partner education

   

 No educ (Ref)

8,261

0.417

0.493

 No educ (1 = Base)

8,270

0.328

0.469

 Primary

8,261

0.276

0.447

 Primary = (2)

8,270

0.168

0.374

 Secondary

8,261

0.294

0.455

 Secondary = (3)

8,270

0.400

0.490

 Tertiary

8,261

0.013

0.115

 Tertiary = (4)

8,270

0.063

0.243

 Partner education

   

Marriage dummy

8,270

0.896

0.306

 No educ (Ref)

8,261

0.327

0.469

Muslim dummy

8,270

0.324

0.468

 Primary

8,261

0.168

0.374

Ethnicity

   

 Secondary

8,261

0.400

0.490

 Akan (1 = Base)

8,270

0.424

0.494

 Tertiary

8,261

0.063

0.243

 Ga/Dangme = (2)

8,270

0.061

0.239

 Missing Husb. Dummy

8,261

0.042

0.200

 Ewe and Guans = (3)

8,270

0.145

0.352

Muslim dummy

8,261

0.324

0.468

 North ethnicities = (4)

8,270

0.328

0.470

Ethnicity

   

 Others = (5)

8,270

0.042

0.200

 Akan (Ref)

8,261

0.424

0.494

Household wealth

   

 Ga/Dangme

8,261

0.061

0.240

 Poorest (1 = Base)

8,270

0.288

0.453

 Ewe and Guans

8,261

0.145

0.352

 Poorer = (2)

8,270

0.217

0.412

 North ethnicities

8,261

0.328

0.469

 Middle = (3)

8,270

0.183

0.387

 Others

8,261

0.042

0.200

 Richer = (4)

8,270

0.171

0.377

Number of elderly

8,261

1.382

0.716

 Richest = (5)

8,270

0.141

0.348

Household wealth

   

Ecological zones

   

 Poorest (Ref)

8,261

0.288

0.453

 Southern belt (1 = Base)

8,270

0.253

0.435

 Poorer

8,261

0.217

0.412

 Capital city = (2)

8,270

0.092

0.288

 Middle

8,261

0.183

0.387

 Middle belt = (3)

8,270

0.356

0.479

 Richer

8,261

0.171

0.377

 Northern belt = (4)

8,270

0.299

0.458

 Richest

8,261

0.141

0.348

Rural dummy

8,270

0.708

0.454

Ecological zones

   

NSCPHGW

8,270

0.391

0.393

 Southern belt (Ref)

8,261

0.253

0.435

NSCPHFT

8,270

0.058

0.165

 Capital city

8,261

0.092

0.288

NSCPCCV

8,270

0.717

0.179

 Middle belt

8,261

0.357

0.479

No. of living children

   

 Northern belt

8,261

0.299

0.458

 No child (1 = Base)

8,270

0.003

0.052

Rural dummy

8,261

0.708

0.455

 One child = (2)

8,270

0.233

0.423

NSCPHGW

8,261

0.391

0.393

 Two children = (3)

8,270

0.214

0.410

NSCPHFT

8,261

0.058

0.165

 Three children = (4)

8,270

0.170

0.376

NSCPCCV

8,261

0.717

0.179

 Four and above = (5)

8,270

0.380

0.486

Year

   

Year

   

 1993 dummy

8,261

0.219

0.413

 1993 dummy (1 = Base)

8,270

0.219

0.413

 1998 dummy

8,261

0.256

0.436

 1998 dummy = (2)

8,270

0.256

0.436

 2003 dummy

8,261

0.291

0.454

 2003 dummy = (3)

8,270

0.291

0.454

 2008 dummy

8,261

0.235

0.424

 2008 dummy = (4)

8,270

0.235

0.424

Sample dummy

   
    

 Timing of 1st antenatal

7514

  
    

 No. antenatal visits

8083

  
  1. Source: Authors’ calculations. Calculations take account of sample weights. Note that the models on timing of 1st antenatal visits and number of antenatal visits are based on slightly different samples per the sample dummy. NSCPHGW, NSCPHFT and NSCPCCV are the non-self-cluster proportion of households with good water, non-self-cluster proportion of households with flush toilets, and non-self cluster proportion of children under five with complete vaccination, respectively. The values in parentheses next to the variables are the definitional codes. Note, partner’s education includes a 5th category (missing husbands), which is excluded from the table. This was added to cater for women who do not have partners and would otherwise have been dropped from the regressions