From: Socioeconomic determinants of use of reproductive health services in Ghana
Variables | Sample of all women | Sample of women 34 and below | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Use of modern contraception | Use of condoms only | Use of other modern methods | Use of modern contraception | Use of condoms only | Use of other modern methods | |||||||
Beta | SE | Beta | SE | Beta | SE | Beta | SE | Beta | SE | Beta | SE | |
Woman’s age |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
20–24 | 0.0156 | [0.0218] | −0.0058 | [0.0036] | 0.0437* | [0.0262] | 0.0161 | [0.0212] | −0.0078 | [0.0049] | 0.0416* | [0.0239] |
25–29 | 0.0035 | [0.0219] | −0.0077** | [0.0035] | 0.0326 | [0.0253] | 0.0086 | [0.0216] | −0.0108** | [0.0051] | 0.0362 | [0.0231] |
30–34 | 0.0091 | [0.0238] | −0.0070* | [0.0040] | 0.0383 | [0.0282] | 0.0205 | [0.0240] | −0.0099* | [0.0056] | 0.0493* | [0.0268] |
35–39 | 0.0100 | [0.0257] | −0.0129*** | [0.0029] | 0.0543* | [0.0316] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
40–44 | 0.0158 | [0.0278] | −0.0130*** | [0.0024] | 0.0643* | [0.0352] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
45–49 | −0.0341 | [0.0276] | −0.0133*** | [0.0020] | 0.0107 | [0.0357] |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Woman’s education |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary | 0.0547*** | [0.0129] | 0.0097** | [0.0046] | 0.0429*** | [0.0117] | 0.0535*** | [0.0152] | 0.0121* | [0.0064] | 0.0398*** | [0.0135] |
Secondary | 0.0654*** | [0.0144] | 0.0126*** | [0.0048] | 0.0507*** | [0.0133] | 0.0739*** | [0.0169] | 0.0187*** | [0.0071] | 0.0531*** | [0.0152] |
Tertiary | 0.0723* | [0.0392] | 0.0067 | [0.0110] | 0.0731* | [0.0388] | 0.1120** | [0.0539] | 0.0138 | [0.0186] | 0.1114** | [0.0547] |
Partner education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Primary | 0.0816*** | [0.0183] | 0.0096 | [0.0070] | 0.0732*** | [0.0174] | 0.0660*** | [0.0211] | 0.0116 | [0.0096] | 0.0573*** | [0.0196] |
Secondary | 0.0537*** | [0.0140] | 0.0130** | [0.0058] | 0.0392*** | [0.0124] | 0.0554*** | [0.0171] | 0.0217** | [0.0085] | 0.0340** | [0.0146] |
Tertiary | 0.0959*** | [0.0259] | 0.0379** | [0.0156] | 0.0531** | [0.0222] | 0.0871*** | [0.0311] | 0.0550** | [0.0233] | 0.0335 | [0.0250] |
Missing husband dummy | 0.0302 | [0.0332] | 0.0287 | [0.0200] | −0.0008 | [0.0280] | 0.0285 | [0.0355] | 0.0359 | [0.0252] | −0.0048 | [0.0281] |
Women in union | 0.0519*** | [0.0129] | 0.0087*** | [0.0030] | 0.0375*** | [0.0121] | 0.0473*** | [0.0154] | 0.0093** | [0.0047] | 0.0329** | [0.0142] |
Muslim dummy | −0.0416*** | [0.0100] | −0.0001 | [0.0034] | −0.0388*** | [0.0091] | −0.0397*** | [0.0116] | −0.0017 | [0.0046] | −0.0351*** | [0.0103] |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ga/Dangme | 0.0113 | [0.0172] | 0.0058 | [0.0057] | 0.0035 | [0.0167] | 0.0166 | [0.0198] | 0.0113 | [0.0092] | 0.0036 | [0.0183] |
Ewe and Guans | 0.0292** | [0.0139] | 0.0053 | [0.0039] | 0.0201 | [0.0128] | 0.0153 | [0.0139] | 0.0073 | [0.0052] | 0.0047 | [0.0125] |
Northern ethnicities | 0.0298* | [0.0161] | −0.0021 | [0.0040] | 0.0290* | [0.0149] | 0.0233 | [0.0179] | 0.0009 | [0.0060] | 0.0188 | [0.0160] |
Others | 0.0218 | [0.0232] | 0.0109 | [0.0096] | 0.0106 | [0.0217] | 0.0107 | [0.0259] | 0.0124 | [0.0130] | 0.0008 | [0.0233] |
Household wealth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poorer | 0.0258** | [0.0127] | 0.0129** | [0.0064] | 0.0162 | [0.0110] | 0.0245* | [0.0142] | 0.0148* | [0.0085] | 0.0130 | [0.0120] |
Middle | 0.0408*** | [0.0154] | 0.0193** | [0.0080] | 0.0253* | [0.0132] | 0.0329* | [0.0178] | 0.0184* | [0.0096] | 0.0183 | [0.0151] |
Richer | 0.0784*** | [0.0190] | 0.0255** | [0.0102] | 0.0538*** | [0.0165] | 0.0661*** | [0.0221] | 0.0300** | [0.0130] | 0.0383** | [0.0185] |
Richest | 0.1229*** | [0.0264] | 0.0354** | [0.0148] | 0.0874*** | [0.0237] | 0.0873*** | [0.0278] | 0.0423** | [0.0183] | 0.0475** | [0.0233] |
Ecological zones | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Capital city | 0.0000 | [0.0169] | 0.0103* | [0.0062] | −0.0199 | [0.0151] | −0.0325* | [0.0170] | 0.0062 | [0.0072] | −0.0439*** | [0.0147] |
Middle belt | 0.0167 | [0.0113] | −0.0001 | [0.0028] | 0.0163 | [0.0106] | −0.0004 | [0.0117] | −0.0024 | [0.0037] | 0.0023 | [0.0108] |
Northern belt | 0.0180 | [0.0179] | 0.0017 | [0.0050] | 0.0141 | [0.0162] | 0.0146 | [0.0201] | 0.0039 | [0.0074] | 0.0089 | [0.0177] |
Rural dummy | −0.0069 | [0.0130] | −0.0042 | [0.0033] | −0.0002 | [0.0115] | −0.0188 | [0.0146] | −0.0062 | [0.0045] | −0.0096 | [0.0126] |
NSCPHGW | −0.0162 | [0.0149] | −0.0054 | [0.0040] | −0.0081 | [0.0139] | −0.0063 | [0.0174] | −0.0076 | [0.0056] | 0.0030 | [0.0153] |
NSCPHFT | 0.0024 | [0.0234] | −0.0042 | [0.0060] | 0.0114 | [0.0224] | 0.0116 | [0.0271] | −0.0050 | [0.0083] | 0.0200 | [0.0250] |
NSCPCCV | 0.0780*** | [0.0266] | 0.0045 | [0.0064] | 0.0700*** | [0.0248] | 0.0940*** | [0.0296] | 0.0049 | [0.0090] | 0.0851*** | [0.0273] |
No. of living children | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
One child | 0.9087*** | [0.0125] | 0.6103*** | [0.0479] | 0.8706*** | [0.0165] | 0.8702*** | [0.0166] | 0.5315*** | [0.0479] | 0.8131*** | [0.0221] |
Two children | 0.9194*** | [0.0112] | 0.5551*** | [0.0567] | 0.9020*** | [0.0128] | 0.9004*** | [0.0144] | 0.5112*** | [0.0573] | 0.8713*** | [0.0174] |
Three children | 0.9320*** | [0.0078] | 0.6198*** | [0.0579] | 0.9244*** | [0.0095] | 0.9298*** | [0.0094] | 0.6298*** | [0.0610] | 0.9177*** | [0.0125] |
Four and above | 0.8787*** | [0.0152] | 0.4386*** | [0.0448] | 0.8328*** | [0.0178] | 0.9316*** | [0.0101] | 0.6870*** | [0.0545] | 0.9094*** | [0.0141] |
Year | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
1998 dummy | 0.0596*** | [0.0162] | 0.0014 | [0.0041] | 0.0598*** | [0.0156] | 0.0368** | [0.0174] | −0.0039 | [0.0050] | 0.0453*** | [0.0166] |
2003 dummy | 0.1252*** | [0.0173] | 0.0069 | [0.0044] | 0.1160*** | [0.0173] | 0.1129*** | [0.0191] | 0.0067 | [0.0059] | 0.1045*** | [0.0187] |
2008 dummy | 0.1035*** | [0.0181] | −0.0005 | [0.0040] | 0.1067*** | [0.0179] | 0.0801*** | [0.0191] | −0.0031 | [0.0049] | 0.0880*** | [0.0187] |
Number of observations | 8270 | Â | 8270 | Â | 8270 | Â | 5955 | Â | 5955 | Â | 5955 | Â |
Pseudo R 2 | 0.074 | Â | 0.116 | Â | 0.069 | Â | 0.074 | Â | 0.105 | Â | 0.069 | Â |
P-value | 0.0000 | Â | 0.0000 | Â | 0.0000 | Â | 0.0000 | Â | 0.0000 | Â | 0.0000 | Â |