Skip to main content

Table 3 Socioeconomic determinants of contraception use in Ghana

From: Socioeconomic determinants of use of reproductive health services in Ghana

Variables

Sample of all women

Sample of women 34 and below

Use of modern contraception

Use of condoms only

Use of other modern methods

Use of modern contraception

Use of condoms only

Use of other modern methods

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Woman’s age

            

20–24

0.0156

[0.0218]

−0.0058

[0.0036]

0.0437*

[0.0262]

0.0161

[0.0212]

−0.0078

[0.0049]

0.0416*

[0.0239]

25–29

0.0035

[0.0219]

−0.0077**

[0.0035]

0.0326

[0.0253]

0.0086

[0.0216]

−0.0108**

[0.0051]

0.0362

[0.0231]

30–34

0.0091

[0.0238]

−0.0070*

[0.0040]

0.0383

[0.0282]

0.0205

[0.0240]

−0.0099*

[0.0056]

0.0493*

[0.0268]

35–39

0.0100

[0.0257]

−0.0129***

[0.0029]

0.0543*

[0.0316]

      

40–44

0.0158

[0.0278]

−0.0130***

[0.0024]

0.0643*

[0.0352]

      

45–49

−0.0341

[0.0276]

−0.0133***

[0.0020]

0.0107

[0.0357]

      

Woman’s education

            

Primary

0.0547***

[0.0129]

0.0097**

[0.0046]

0.0429***

[0.0117]

0.0535***

[0.0152]

0.0121*

[0.0064]

0.0398***

[0.0135]

Secondary

0.0654***

[0.0144]

0.0126***

[0.0048]

0.0507***

[0.0133]

0.0739***

[0.0169]

0.0187***

[0.0071]

0.0531***

[0.0152]

Tertiary

0.0723*

[0.0392]

0.0067

[0.0110]

0.0731*

[0.0388]

0.1120**

[0.0539]

0.0138

[0.0186]

0.1114**

[0.0547]

Partner education

            

Primary

0.0816***

[0.0183]

0.0096

[0.0070]

0.0732***

[0.0174]

0.0660***

[0.0211]

0.0116

[0.0096]

0.0573***

[0.0196]

Secondary

0.0537***

[0.0140]

0.0130**

[0.0058]

0.0392***

[0.0124]

0.0554***

[0.0171]

0.0217**

[0.0085]

0.0340**

[0.0146]

Tertiary

0.0959***

[0.0259]

0.0379**

[0.0156]

0.0531**

[0.0222]

0.0871***

[0.0311]

0.0550**

[0.0233]

0.0335

[0.0250]

Missing husband dummy

0.0302

[0.0332]

0.0287

[0.0200]

−0.0008

[0.0280]

0.0285

[0.0355]

0.0359

[0.0252]

−0.0048

[0.0281]

Women in union

0.0519***

[0.0129]

0.0087***

[0.0030]

0.0375***

[0.0121]

0.0473***

[0.0154]

0.0093**

[0.0047]

0.0329**

[0.0142]

Muslim dummy

−0.0416***

[0.0100]

−0.0001

[0.0034]

−0.0388***

[0.0091]

−0.0397***

[0.0116]

−0.0017

[0.0046]

−0.0351***

[0.0103]

Ethnicity

            

Ga/Dangme

0.0113

[0.0172]

0.0058

[0.0057]

0.0035

[0.0167]

0.0166

[0.0198]

0.0113

[0.0092]

0.0036

[0.0183]

Ewe and Guans

0.0292**

[0.0139]

0.0053

[0.0039]

0.0201

[0.0128]

0.0153

[0.0139]

0.0073

[0.0052]

0.0047

[0.0125]

Northern ethnicities

0.0298*

[0.0161]

−0.0021

[0.0040]

0.0290*

[0.0149]

0.0233

[0.0179]

0.0009

[0.0060]

0.0188

[0.0160]

Others

0.0218

[0.0232]

0.0109

[0.0096]

0.0106

[0.0217]

0.0107

[0.0259]

0.0124

[0.0130]

0.0008

[0.0233]

Household wealth

            

Poorer

0.0258**

[0.0127]

0.0129**

[0.0064]

0.0162

[0.0110]

0.0245*

[0.0142]

0.0148*

[0.0085]

0.0130

[0.0120]

Middle

0.0408***

[0.0154]

0.0193**

[0.0080]

0.0253*

[0.0132]

0.0329*

[0.0178]

0.0184*

[0.0096]

0.0183

[0.0151]

Richer

0.0784***

[0.0190]

0.0255**

[0.0102]

0.0538***

[0.0165]

0.0661***

[0.0221]

0.0300**

[0.0130]

0.0383**

[0.0185]

Richest

0.1229***

[0.0264]

0.0354**

[0.0148]

0.0874***

[0.0237]

0.0873***

[0.0278]

0.0423**

[0.0183]

0.0475**

[0.0233]

Ecological zones

            

Capital city

0.0000

[0.0169]

0.0103*

[0.0062]

−0.0199

[0.0151]

−0.0325*

[0.0170]

0.0062

[0.0072]

−0.0439***

[0.0147]

Middle belt

0.0167

[0.0113]

−0.0001

[0.0028]

0.0163

[0.0106]

−0.0004

[0.0117]

−0.0024

[0.0037]

0.0023

[0.0108]

Northern belt

0.0180

[0.0179]

0.0017

[0.0050]

0.0141

[0.0162]

0.0146

[0.0201]

0.0039

[0.0074]

0.0089

[0.0177]

Rural dummy

−0.0069

[0.0130]

−0.0042

[0.0033]

−0.0002

[0.0115]

−0.0188

[0.0146]

−0.0062

[0.0045]

−0.0096

[0.0126]

NSCPHGW

−0.0162

[0.0149]

−0.0054

[0.0040]

−0.0081

[0.0139]

−0.0063

[0.0174]

−0.0076

[0.0056]

0.0030

[0.0153]

NSCPHFT

0.0024

[0.0234]

−0.0042

[0.0060]

0.0114

[0.0224]

0.0116

[0.0271]

−0.0050

[0.0083]

0.0200

[0.0250]

NSCPCCV

0.0780***

[0.0266]

0.0045

[0.0064]

0.0700***

[0.0248]

0.0940***

[0.0296]

0.0049

[0.0090]

0.0851***

[0.0273]

No. of living children

            

One child

0.9087***

[0.0125]

0.6103***

[0.0479]

0.8706***

[0.0165]

0.8702***

[0.0166]

0.5315***

[0.0479]

0.8131***

[0.0221]

Two children

0.9194***

[0.0112]

0.5551***

[0.0567]

0.9020***

[0.0128]

0.9004***

[0.0144]

0.5112***

[0.0573]

0.8713***

[0.0174]

Three children

0.9320***

[0.0078]

0.6198***

[0.0579]

0.9244***

[0.0095]

0.9298***

[0.0094]

0.6298***

[0.0610]

0.9177***

[0.0125]

Four and above

0.8787***

[0.0152]

0.4386***

[0.0448]

0.8328***

[0.0178]

0.9316***

[0.0101]

0.6870***

[0.0545]

0.9094***

[0.0141]

Year

            

1998 dummy

0.0596***

[0.0162]

0.0014

[0.0041]

0.0598***

[0.0156]

0.0368**

[0.0174]

−0.0039

[0.0050]

0.0453***

[0.0166]

2003 dummy

0.1252***

[0.0173]

0.0069

[0.0044]

0.1160***

[0.0173]

0.1129***

[0.0191]

0.0067

[0.0059]

0.1045***

[0.0187]

2008 dummy

0.1035***

[0.0181]

−0.0005

[0.0040]

0.1067***

[0.0179]

0.0801***

[0.0191]

−0.0031

[0.0049]

0.0880***

[0.0187]

Number of observations

8270

 

8270

 

8270

 

5955

 

5955

 

5955

 

Pseudo R 2

0.074

 

0.116

 

0.069

 

0.074

 

0.105

 

0.069

 

P-value

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 

0.0000

 
  1. Source: Authors’ calculations
  2. Note: *** is significant at p < 0.01, ** is significant at p < 0.05, * is significant at p < 0.10. NSCPHGW, NSCPHFT and NSCPCCV are the non-self cluster proportion of households with good water, non-self cluster proportion of households with flush toilet and non-self cluster proportion of children under five with complete vaccination, respectively
  3. Partner’s education includes a fifth category (missing husbands) but this is excluded from the table. It was added to cater for women who do not have partners and would otherwise have been excluded from the regressions