Table 4 Socioeconomic determinants of antenatal care and delivery care in Ghana

Woman’s age

20–24

0.0684**

[0.0302]

0.0327

[0.0232]

0.0399

[0.0311]

0.0620**

[0.0304]

25–29

0.1529***

[0.0329]

0.1155***

[0.0236]

0.1382***

[0.0343]

0.1630***

[0.0331]

30–34

0.1480***

[0.0342]

0.1303***

[0.0247]

0.1586***

[0.0384]

0.1875***

[0.0374]

35–39

0.1491***

[0.0375]

0.1461***

[0.0238]

0.1769***

[0.0390]

0.2031***

[0.0385]

40–44

0.1634***

[0.0398]

0.1504***

[0.0227]

0.1948***

[0.0411]

0.2044***

[0.0401]

45–49

0.0974**

[0.0430]

0.1250***

[0.0271]

0.1612***

[0.0460]

0.1836***

[0.0455]

Birth order

2^nd birth order

−0.0188

[0.0206]

−0.0637***

[0.0195]

−0.1489***

[0.0207]

−0.1436***

[0.0207]

3^rd birth order

−0.0517**

[0.0230]

−0.1230***

[0.0235]

−0.1786***

[0.0232]

−0.1935***

[0.0233]

4^th plus birth order

−0.1211***

[0.0241]

−0.1316***

[0.0218]

−0.1956***

[0.0260]

−0.2085***

[0.0270]

Woman’s education

Primary

0.0280

[0.0182]

0.0625***

[0.0139]

0.0545***

[0.0181]

0.0501***

[0.0180]

Secondary

0.0103

[0.0194]

0.1180***

[0.0168]

0.1461***

[0.0197]

0.1412***

[0.0192]

Tertiary

0.1916***

[0.0601]

0.2217***

[0.0455]

0.2352**

[0.0929]

0.2668***

[0.1021]

Partner education

Primary

−0.0057

[0.0213]

0.0465***

[0.0171]

0.1100***

[0.0226]

0.1081***

[0.0220]

Secondary

0.0003

[0.0202]

0.0656***

[0.0165]

0.1448***

[0.0200]

0.1401***

[0.0198]

Tertiary

0.0406

[0.0304]

0.1820***

[0.0206]

0.2955***

[0.0324]

0.2871***

[0.0315]

Missing husband dummy

−0.0480

[0.0349]

−0.0690**

[0.0338]

0.0480

[0.0387]

0.0507

[0.0399]

Muslim dummy

−0.0509***

[0.0168]

−0.0881***

[0.0146]

−0.0759***

[0.0189]

−0.0833***

[0.0183]

Ethnicity

Ga/Dangme

−0.0420

[0.0307]

−0.1263***

[0.0306]

−0.0333

[0.0338]

−0.0374

[0.0330]

Ewe and Guans

0.0174

[0.0176]

−0.0217

[0.0194]

0.0072

[0.0242]

−0.0119

[0.0248]

Northern ethnicities

0.0565**

[0.0244]

0.0401*

[0.0218]

0.0345

[0.0295]

0.0315

[0.0288]

Others

0.1067***

[0.0342]

0.0398

[0.0292]

0.1055***

[0.0357]

0.0872**

[0.0350]

No. of elder women HH

0.0028

[0.0082]

0.0062

[0.0082]

0.0183*

[0.0108]

0.0256**

[0.0112]

Household wealth

Poorer

0.0370**

[0.0182]

0.0396**

[0.0157]

0.0354*

[0.0199]

0.0341*

[0.0192]

Middle

0.0412**

[0.0201]

0.0494***

[0.0164]

0.1075***

[0.0211]

0.1057***

[0.0205]

Richer

0.0961***

[0.0238]

0.1376***

[0.0178]

0.2099***

[0.0258]

0.2051***

[0.0252]

Richest

0.1806***

[0.0293]

0.1951***

[0.0195]

0.2976***

[0.0308]

0.3051***

[0.0301]

Ecological zones

Capital city

−0.0426

[0.0282]

0.0647**

[0.0271]

0.1215***

[0.0393]

0.1034***

[0.0377]

Middle belt

−0.0156

[0.0170]

0.0554***

[0.0157]

0.1355***

[0.0199]

0.1354***

[0.0200]

Northern belt

−0.0460*

[0.0265]

0.0995***

[0.0227]

−0.0117

[0.0313]

−0.0109

[0.0311]

Rural dummy

0.0306

[0.0199]

−0.0766***

[0.0188]

−0.2226***

[0.0235]

−0.2289***

[0.0217]

NSCPHGW

0.0319

[0.0255]

0.0492**

[0.0245]

0.0829***

[0.0291]

0.0637**

[0.0286]

NSCPHFT

0.0038

[0.0432]

0.0333

[0.0596]

0.1221*

[0.0664]

0.1601**

[0.0651]

NSCPCCV

0.0290

[0.0401]

0.2363***

[0.0362]

0.1228**

[0.0500]

0.1514***

[0.0488]

Year

1998 dummy

0.0551**

[0.0240]

−0.0143

[0.0201]

−0.0469*

[0.0263]

−0.0603**

[0.0264]

2003 dummy

0.1040***

[0.0246]

0.0278

[0.0197]

−0.0543*

[0.0290]

−0.0564**

[0.0284]

2008 dummy

0.1917***

[0.0229]

0.0944***

[0.0179]

0.0941***

[0.0291]

0.1231***

[0.0279]

No. of observations

7514

8083

8263

8261

Pseudo R ²

0.041

0.145

0.277

0.278

Alpha

985.1906

Chi2

463.5

0.0000

P-value

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000