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Table 5 Socioeconomic determinants of antenatal visits and hospital facility delivery in Ghana

From: Socioeconomic determinants of use of reproductive health services in Ghana

Variables

Ordered antenatal visits

Number of antenatal visits

 

Beta

SE

Beta

SE

Woman’s age

    

 20–24

−0.0105*

[0.0063]

0.3821**

[0.1742]

 25–29

−0.0329***

[0.0062]

1.0020***

[0.1930]

 30–34

−0.0351***

[0.0062]

1.1870***

[0.2275]

 35–39

−0.0399***

[0.0055]

1.6063***

[0.2515]

 40–44

−0.0373***

[0.0051]

1.5979***

[0.2821]

 45–49

−0.0336***

[0.0055]

1.5225***

[0.3803]

Birth order

    

 2nd birth order

0.0244***

[0.0068]

−0.4571***

[0.1006]

 3rd birth order

0.0423***

[0.0092]

−0.6750***

[0.1155]

 4th plus birth order

0.0437***

[0.0074]

−0.9199***

[0.1264]

Woman’s education

    

 Primary

−0.0204***

[0.0036]

0.5812***

[0.1126]

 Secondary

−0.0360***

[0.0046]

0.8647***

[0.1262]

 Tertiary

−0.0499***

[0.0052]

1.0138***

[0.2673]

Partner education

    

 Primary

−0.0162***

[0.0043]

0.4080***

[0.1506]

 Secondary

−0.0201***

[0.0045]

0.5296***

[0.1140]

 Tertiary

−0.0455***

[0.0040]

1.1103***

[0.1888]

 Missing husband dummy

0.0282**

[0.0121]

−0.2587

[0.2042]

 Muslim dummy

0.0332***

[0.0051]

−0.5588***

[0.0977]

Ethnicity

    

 Ga/Dangme

0.0319***

[0.0104]

−0.6683***

[0.1517]

 Ewe and Guans

0.0090

[0.0064]

−0.4239***

[0.1209]

 Northern ethnicities

−0.0134**

[0.0061]

0.2082

[0.1521]

 Others

−0.0088

[0.0089]

0.1398

[0.2300]

 No. of elder women HH

−0.0014

[0.0027]

0.0949

[0.0580]

Household wealth

    

 Poorer

−0.0118***

[0.0044]

0.2170

[0.1349]

 Middle

−0.0166***

[0.0043]

0.5920***

[0.1424]

 Richer

−0.0387***

[0.0043]

1.0628***

[0.1635]

 Richest

−0.0504***

[0.0047]

1.8244***

[0.2110]

Ecological zones

    

 Capital city

−0.0154**

[0.0073]

0.5230***

[0.1651]

 Middle belt

−0.0178***

[0.0045]

0.3527***

[0.1131]

 Northern belt

−0.0210***

[0.0065]

0.2901

[0.1893]

 Rural dummy

0.0255***

[0.0052]

−0.5817***

[0.1191]

 NSCPHGW

−0.0093

[0.0075]

0.6315***

[0.1586]

 NSCPHFT

−0.0149

[0.0184]

0.1153

[0.2191]

 NSCPCCV

−0.0788***

[0.0128]

1.6288***

[0.3052]

Year

    

 1998 dummy

0.0074

[0.0068]

0.1156

[0.1627]

 2003 dummy

−0.0116*

[0.0064]

−0.0212

[0.1523]

 2008 dummy

−0.0307***

[0.0051]

0.4506***

[0.1550]

 No. of observations

8083

 

8083

 

 Pseudo R 2

0.098

   

Alpha

  

0.1533

 

 Chi2

1111.4

 

1514.0

 

 P-value

0.0000

 

0.0000

 
  1. Source: Authors’ calculations
  2. Note: *** is significant at p < 0.01, ** is significant at p < 0.05, * is significant at p < 0.10. NSCPHGW, NSCPHFT and NSCPCCV are the non-self cluster proportion of households with good water, non-self cluster proportion of households with flush toilet and non-self cluster proportion of children under five with complete vaccination, respectively. Partner’s education includes a 5th category (missing husbands) but this is excluded from the table. It was added to cater for women who do not have partners and would otherwise have been excluded from the regressions
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Health Economics Review

ISSN: 2191-1991

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