The determinants of the propensity to receive publicly funded home care services for the elderly in Canada: a panel two-stage residual inclusion approach

Table 4 Comparative descriptive statistics by categories of HC receipt

		HMPS	No HMPS		HHC	No HHC
Age		80.2 ± 0.17	73.9 ± 0.05	***	78.1 ± 0.23	74.2 ± 0.05	***
Sex (male)		32.9 %	42.9 %	***	40.6 %	42.2 %
Minority		14.3 %	15.6 %		12.2 %	15.6 %	**
Immigrant		21.0 %	24.8 %	**	22.6 %	24.6 %
Alone		54.3 %	31.7 %	***	43.9 %	32.9 %	***
Partner		36.0 %	57.1 %	***	43.5 %	56.0 %	***
Other_adult^a		9.7 %	11.2 %		12.7 %	11.0 %
Education^b		50.0 %	56.2 %	***	47.6 %	56.1 %	***
Income^c	Low	30.0 %	15.3 %	***	23.0 %	16.1 %	***
	Middle	43.2 %	37.3 %	***	47.3 %	37.3 %	***
	High	26.8 %	47.4 %	***	29.8 %	46.6 %	***
Urban		81.6 %	83.9 %	**	82.9 %	83.7 %
Dependency	No	8.4 %	64.0 %	***	18.5 %	61.7 %	***
	Low	14.9 %	18.5 %	**	14.3 %	18.4 %	**
	Middle	25.6 %	9.4 %	***	19.7 %	10.3 %	***
	High	51.1 %	8.1 %	***	47.5 %	9.6 %	***
Over 3 chronic conditions		50.1 %	25.8 %	***	51.4 %	26.6 %	***
Disability		63.5 %	25.1 %	***	59.1 %	26.6 %	***
Diabetes		22.9 %	13.2 %	***	24.0 %	13.5 %	***
Heart disease		31.7 %	16.2 %	***	35.3 %	16.5 %	***
Stroke		13.6 %	3.6 %	***	13.4 %	3.9 %	***
Arthritis		64.0 %	45.0 %	***	61.2 %	45.7 %	***
Dementia		7.0 %	1.4 %	***	6.4 %	1.6 %	***
Emphysema		12.4 %	5.3 %	***	11.7 %	5.5 %	***
Cancer		8.0 %	4.7 %	***	13.7 %	4.5 %	***
Incontinence		19.4 %	8.3 %	***	20.8 %	8.5 %	***
Hospitalization		39.3 %	13.8 %	***	58.4 %	13.6 %	***
Social support	Low	10.4 %	5.5 %	***	6.8 %	5.8 %
	Middle	17.1 %	12.6 %	**	15.1 %	12.8 %
	High	72.5 %	81.9 %	***	78.2 %	81.4 %

* Significant at the 10 % level. ** Significant at the 5 % level. *** Significant at the 1 % level
^a Living without a partner but with other adult(s)
^b Secondary education completed or higher
^c Household income adequacy (adjusted by household members)

ISSN: 2191-1991