Out-of-pocket expenditure by private households for dental services – empirical evidence from Austria

Health Economics Review

Table 1 Descriptive statistics according to households’ characteristics and structures

Total households	Dental Care Expenditures
	Average exp.		Expenditures >0
	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.	N
Household structure
Single person I	23.75	116.86	141.57	255.19	126
Single person II	24.15	101.76	136.49	208.26	172
Unmarried couple	48.19	236.65	181.64	433.94	91
Married couple	36.12	121.22	165.35	214.82	128
Empty nest	42.77	135.90	149.14	220.51	232
Full nest I	29.74	124.98	129.84	235.45	164
Full nest II	58.80	151.77	167.71	218.01	271
Married couple w/o childs	38.16	116.47	129.61	185.51	106
Single parents	24.52	104.07	122.86	206.25	92
Degree of urbanization
High urbanization	41.21	158.53	169.37	285.82	502
Average urbanization	36.60	138.14	148.69	246.92	369
Low urbanization	29.65	99.95	128.59	175.06	513
Age structure
Age <25	7.07	35.41	86.46	94.51	17
Age 25–45	31.13	131.35	134.12	246.17	506
Age 45–65	43.96	144.97	170.07	244.81	588
Age 65–85	32.49	122.11	133.78	219.01	273
Education level
Primary education	13.15	47.19	74.56	89.96	130
Other education	38.40	140.15	154.93	247.46	1125
Tertiary education	42.79	150.56	169.61	262.05	129
Insurance characteristics (public)
GKK	30.09	126.79	137.51	242.35	892
BVA	49.75	153.49	174.31	246.88	302
SVA	47.03	127.38	161.43	193.33	141
SVB	46.11	156.38	159.03	259.34	49
Private health insurance (1)	45.56	122.36	179.77	250.98	290
Private health insurance (2)	43.59	145.52	147.91	183.19	207
Total households	35.57	133.28	148.74	239.72	1384
N (households)	5787		1384
Robustness checks
Specialized treatments	27.41	93.07	122.89	164.66	1261
Routine dental services	8.15	91.62	300.70	472.05	157

Notes: (1) corresponds to one adult of a household that has additional private health insurance. (2) corresponds to both adults of the household having additional private health insurance. This also includes households consisting of one individual (single person I and single person II). Dummy variables for female householders and income are not reported

ISSN: 2191-1991