Out-of-pocket expenditure by private households for dental services – empirical evidence from Austria

Health Economics Review

Table 3 Econometric results of the two-part model and one-part GLM (specialized treatments)

	Expenditures for specialized treatments
	Probability (Logit)		Conditional (GLM) ^a		GLM ^a
	Coeff.	Rob. S.D.	Coeff.	Rob. S.D.	Coeff.	Rob. S.D.
Household structure
Single person II	−0.115	0.145	0.121	0.183	−0.010	0.208
Unmarried couple	0.475***	0.174	−0.104	0.174	0.307	0.252
Married couple	0.089	0.158	−0.109	0.180	−0.106	0.243
Empty nest	0.360**	0.159	−0.047	0.175	0.212	0.242
Full nest I	0.353**	0.152	−0.146	0.156	0.084	0.226
Full nest II	0.754***	0.145	0.029	0.142	0.588***	0.218
Married couple w/o childs	0.365**	0.180	−0.421**	0.185	−0.154	0.277
Single parents	0.090	0.165	−0.124	0.160	−0.043	0.227
Degree of urbanization
Average urbanization	−0.047	0.084	−0.110	0.088	−0.060	0.127
Low urbanization	−0.171**	0.079	−0.147*	0.081	−0.251**	0.117
Age structure
Age 25–45	1.133***	0.285	0.272	0.342	1.279***	0.292
Age 45–65	1.333***	0.292	0.598*	0.348	1.804***	0.301
Age 65–85	1.488***	0.305	0.522	0.363	1.812***	0.317
Education level
Other education	0.291**	0.116	0.489***	0.137	0.642***	0.165
Tertiary education	0.220	0.167	0.303*	0.168	0.501**	0.239
Insurance characteristics (public)
BVA	0.171**	0.085	−0.004	0.080	0.186	0.130
SVA	0.204*	0.113	0.147	0.112	0.338*	0.179
SVB	0.425**	0.182	0.164	0.158	0.436	0.290
Private health insurance (1)	0.220**	0.099	0.024	0.092	0.214	0.159
Private health insurance (2)	0.003	0.084	0.090	0.082	0.024	0.125
Other characteristics
Female householder	0.093	0.084	0.137	0.099	0.190	0.127
Income (log)	0.202**	0.085	0.475***	0.077	0.610***	0.114
Constant	−4.666***	0.681	0.147	0.657	−3.951***	0.865
Observations (households)	5787		1291		5787

Notes: ^aGLM with log-link and gamma distribution. Significance level *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1

ISSN: 2191-1991