Table 6 Descriptive statistics of explanatory variables

Age of child

Discrete

9.975

11.945

9.576

11.411

(0.045)

(0.046)

(0.052)

(0.053)

Sex (male = 1, female = 0)

Binary

0.502

0.502

0.524

0.524

(0.010)

(0.010)

(0.011)

(0.011)

Ethnic minorities (ethnic minorities = 1, Kinh/Hoa = 0)

Binary

0.154

0.154

0.204

0.207

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.009)

(0.009)

Attending school (yes = 1, no = 0)

Binary

0.953

0.907

0.957

0.929

(0.004)

(0.006)

(0.004)

(0.006)

Log of per capita income

Continuous

8.570

8.868

9.266

9.675

(0.013)

(0.014)

(0.017)

(0.016)

Household size

Discrete

5.112

5.019

4.860

4.806

(0.032)

(0.032)

(0.033)

(0.030)

Proportion of children in households

Continuous

0.424

0.364

0.430

0.390

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.004)

Proportion of elderly in households

Continuous

0.047

0.048

0.045

0.047

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Age of household head

Discrete

43.713

45.020

42.537

43.989

(0.238)

(0.224)

(0.252)

(0.244)

Sex of head (male = 1, female = 0)

Binary

0.805

0.803

0.822

0.817

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.009)

Household head without education degree

Binary

0.259

0.238

0.272

0.254

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.010)

(0.010)

Household head with primary education

Binary

0.280

0.292

0.293

0.272

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.010)

(0.010)

Household head with lower-secondary

Binary

0.269

0.274

0.220

0.254

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.010)

Household head with upper-secondary

Binary

0.164

0.166

0.159

0.160

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.008)

(0.008)

Household head with post-secondary

Binary

0.027

0.030

0.058

0.059

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Household head without spouse

Binary

0.136

0.141

0.120

0.122

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.007)

Household head’s spouse without education degree

Binary

0.225

0.213

0.261

0.253

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.010)

(0.010)

Household head’s spouse with primary education

Binary

0.270

0.281

0.275

0.263

(0.009)

(0.009)

(0.010)

(0.010)

Household head’s spouse with lower-secondary

Binary

0.222

0.226

0.198

0.219

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.009)

(0.009)

Household head’s spouse with upper-secondary

Binary

0.123

0.112

0.101

0.098

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.007)

(0.007)

Household head’s spouse with post-secondary

Binary

0.024

0.028

0.046

0.045

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.005)

Urban (urban = 1; rural = 0)

Binary

1.788

1.788

0.223

0.225

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.009)

(0.009)

Number of doctors per 1000 people

Continuous

0.499

0.424

0.555

0.565

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.004)

(0.004)

Number of hospital per 1000 people

Continuous

0.010

0.009

0.016

0.019

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

Number of observations

2507

2507

2055

2055