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Table 4 Effect of previous year’s healthcare utilization on NHIS renewal

From: Utilization of healthcare services and renewal of health insurance membership: evidence of adverse selection in Ghana

  

Year

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Odds

Odds

Odds

Odds

Odds

Healthcare Utilization

Utilized Healthcare in Previous Year

1.66***

2.62***

1.83***

1.91***

2.08***

Sex

Male

0.99

0.92***

0.95***

0.92***

0.92***

Age Group

Age1–17 Years

0.99

0.89***

0.86***

1.11***

1.18***

 

Age 18–39

0.53***

0.26***

0.34***

0.56***

0.43***

 

Age 40–59

0.69***

0.44***

0.59***

0.98

0.77***

 

Age 60+

0.19***

0.55***

0.73***

1.28***

0.85***

Enrolment Categories

Children under 18 Years

0.53***

0.47***

0.70***

0.99

0.74***

 

70 Years & Above

5.11***

1.28***

1.24***

1.29***

1.56***

 

SSNIT Contributor

1.24***

1.59***

1.59***

1.65***

1.73***

 

SSNIT Pensioner

5.43***

1.67***

2.25***

2.22***

2.80***

 

Indigent

0.67***

0.27***

0.44***

0.62***

0.94***

 

Pregnant Woman

1.68***

1.88***

1.68***

1.44***

1.32***

 

LEAP

0.34**

1.65**

1.02

1.33*

1.15

Region

Greater Accra

1.32***

0.87***

1.09***

0.83***

0.62***

 

Constant

0.37***

1.67***

1.54***

1.09***

1.39***

 

Number of observations

834487

997544

1298711

1644807

1965649

  1. Source: NHIS Enrolment and Utilisation Data for the years 2008 – 2013
  2. Note: Odds ratio are reported with reference Categories; Healthcare Utilization (Did not utilized healthcare in previous year); Sex (Female); Age Group (Babies under 1 Year); Enrolment Categories (Informal Sector Employees). Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001