From: On the interdependence of ambulatory and hospital care in the German health system
GP cases | Ophthalmology | Internal medicine | Paediatrics | Surgery | Urology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specialist Hospitalizations | −0,576 | −0,031 | 0,128 | −0,047 | 0,199 |
(0,40) | (0,02) | (0,25) | (0,04) | (0,27) | |
Specialist | −1,139* | 0,152 | −1,427*** | −0,045 | −3,958* |
Ambulatory Cases | (0,55) | (0,24) | (0,34) | (0,54) | (1,61) |
GP | 587,778*** | 833,681*** | 621,521*** | 852,000*** | 340,511 |
Physician Density | (153,70) | (123,07) | (131,93) | (150,49) | (232,39) |
Male | −73,708*** | −75,607*** | −51,278* | −76,703*** | −74,444*** |
Life Expectancy | (12,65) | (13,71) | (20,17) | (15,01) | (13,93) |
Female | 7,028 | 4,682 | 28,698* | 8,096 | 17,241 |
Life Expectancy | (16,70) | (13,98) | (14,45) | (13,36) | (18,18) |
RSA Risk Factor | 2124,649*** | 1673,021*** | 1371,695*** | 1510,455*** | 1989,814*** |
(383,09) | (349,39) | (227,19) | (259,30) | (400,82) | |
Long −Term Care Recipients | −0,163 | 0,317 | 0,054 | 0,290 | −0,130 |
per 10.000 Population | (0,29) | (0,20) | (0,21) | (0,21) | (0,29) |
Unemployment Rate in % | −26,618*** | −24,958*** | −27,944*** | −28,589*** | −18,148*** |
(3,99) | (4,57) | (3,63) | (4,31) | (5,14) | |
Net Monthly | −0,158* | −0,138* | −0,213** | −0,158** | −0,247** |
Household Income | (0,06) | (0,06) | (0,07) | (0,06) | (0,08) |
Number of Large | 76,274*** | 56,228*** | 76,514*** | 61,814*** | 68,596*** |
Regional Centres | (18,36) | (16,54) | (16,51) | (15,05) | (19,08) |
Number of Medium | 2,888 | 2,880 | 0,486 | 1,623 | 0,741 |
Regional Centres | (4,46) | (3,47) | (3,70) | (3,49) | (4,71) |
Highly Qualified | 12,158* | 4,342 | 4,580 | 5,831 | 10,937* |
Workers in % | (4,97) | (4,31) | (5,76) | (3,82) | (5,30) |
Low −Skilled | −4,294 | −6,206* | −1,475 | −6,552* | −0,330 |
Workers in % | (3,76) | (2,88) | (3,31) | (3,04) | (4,39) |
Single −Person | 4,429 | −9,315** | 1,041 | −6,593** | 3,622 |
Households in % | (4,43) | (3,25) | (4,04) | (2,37) | (4,93) |
Immigrants in % | −15,685*** | −7,856** | −6,661* | −10,046*** | −15,960*** |
(3,58) | (2,68) | (3,30) | (2,44) | (3,63) | |
Particulate Matter (PM 10) | −2,988 | 0,739 | −3,422 | −0,179 | −2,067 |
(1,95) | (1,81) | (1,80) | (1,48) | (1,92) | |
Year 2007 | −637,721*** | −576,277*** | −628,767*** | −586,597*** | −739,949*** |
(31,80) | (32,89) | (27,37) | (29,41) | (68,96) | |
Year 2008 | −316,683*** | −312,976*** | −148,151*** | −312,622*** | −399,917*** |
(23,21) | (21,37) | (42,11) | (20,07) | (42,43) | |
Constants | 6808,650*** | 7204,256*** | 3720,273 | 7229,778*** | 6118,658*** |
(1247,22) | (1465,95) | (2109,81) | (1447,05) | (1458,26) | |
N | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 |
Specialist Hospitalizations | 0,297 | 0,178 | 1,259** | 0,569 | −0,797 |
(0,21) | (0,23) | (0,45) | (0,33) | (1,31) | |
Specialist | −1,616*** | −0,874* | −3,759*** | −4,453*** | −1,339** |
Ambulatory Cases | (0,39) | (0,42) | (1,00) | (1,30) | (0,41) |
GP | 727,780*** | 646,518*** | 530,148** | 451,625* | 556,333*** |
Physician Density | (151,53) | (170,14) | (179,20) | (181,75) | (154,93) |
Male | −54,815*** | −68,119*** | −51,877** | −44,313* | −69,495*** |
Life Expectancy | (16,44) | (13,62) | (17,10) | (19,47) | (18,80) |
Female | 16,669 | 10,755 | 8,224 | 18,368 | 2,214 |
Life Expectancy | (15,86) | (16,83) | (17,78) | (23,83) | (15,48) |
GP cases | Orthopaedics | Gynaecology | ENT | Neurology | Dermatology |
RSA Risk Factor | 1448,408*** | 1501,701*** | 1264,721*** | 1721,808** | 1673,007** |
(265,12) | (368,27) | (264,22) | (661,84) | (513,41) | |
Long −Term Care Recipients | −0,100 | 0,321 | −0,574 | −0,713* | 0,090 |
per 10.000 Population | (0,25) | (0,27) | (0,37) | (0,35) | (0,25) |
Unemployment Rate in % | −19,411*** | −30,104*** | −15,279** | −15,843* | −27,920*** |
(5,09) | (5,48) | (5,19) | (6,40) | (4,73) | |
Net Monthly | −0,150* | −0,122 | −0,037 | −0,235** | −0,119 |
Household Income | (0,07) | (0,11) | (0,08) | (0,08) | (0,07) |
Number of Large | 52,497** | 66,471*** | 47,696* | 79,434*** | 70,791*** |
Regional Centres | (17,75) | (19,28) | (21,61) | (23,87) | (17,62) |
Number of Medium | −5,559 | 2,750 | −1,995 | −4,924 | 0,677 |
Regional Centres | (4,37) | (4,18) | (4,52) | (4,76) | (3,71) |
Highly Qualified | 10,878* | 9,807 | 5,665 | 4,339 | 17,526* |
Workers in % | (4,60) | (7,39) | (5,18) | (5,27) | (8,30) |
Low −Skilled | −1,281 | −6,163 | −2,909 | 6,216 | −7,735 |
Workers in % | (3,80) | (4,05) | (4,17) | (5,23) | (5,90) |
Single −Person | 4,837 | 6,460 | 18,482* | 18,637** | 2,506 |
Households in % | (3,59) | (6,70) | (7,23) | (6,47) | (3,88) |
Immigrants in % | −9,329** | −12,246** | −11,197*** | −8,582* | −10,296** |
(2,85) | (4,32) | (3,20) | (3,80) | (3,95) | |
Particulate Matter (PM 10) | −1,767 | −2,564 | −1,574 | −5,803* | −4,060 |
(1,68) | (2,11) | (1,91) | (2,71) | (2,09) | |
Year 2007 | −661,415*** | −656,445*** | −686,662*** | −702,031*** | −635,668*** |
(31,22) | (48,38) | (38,98) | (60,98) | (34,01) | |
Year 2008 | −326,545*** | −322,895*** | −333,583*** | −340,861*** | −314,415*** |
(22,87) | (27,16) | (26,65) | (32,32) | (22,89) | |
Constants | 4492,968** | 5784,788*** | 4400,430** | 3203,080 | 7198,978*** |
(1678,49) | (1554,32) | (1635,34) | (2502,86) | (1535,34) | |
N | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 |