From: On the interdependence of ambulatory and hospital care in the German health system
Specialists ambulatory cases | Ophthalmology | Internal medicine | Paediatrics | Surgery | Urology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specialist Hospitalizations | −0,349 | −0,041** | 0,134 | −0,024 | 0,043 |
(0,22) | (0,01) | (0,10) | (0,01) | (0,05) | |
GP Cases | −0,301** | −0,419*** | −0,257*** | −0,251*** | −0,158*** |
(0,09) | (0,11) | (0,05) | (0,06) | (0,03) | |
Specialist | 1034,214** | 1193,020*** | 1150,209*** | 1062,275*** | 353,974 |
Physician Density | (318,21) | (204,96) | (205,80) | (207,65) | (275,68) |
Male | −27,529** | −56,462*** | −6,735 | −29,130*** | −12,677*** |
Life Expectancy | (8,62) | (12,14) | (7,12) | (5,48) | (3,33) |
Female | 1,893 | −11,697 | 13,939** | 3,563 | 3,268 |
Life Expectancy | (7,42) | (9,98) | (5,31) | (4,89) | (3,42) |
RSA Risk Factor | 963,151** | 1374,248*** | 342,856** | 499,031*** | 384,871*** |
(293,05) | (292,08) | (105,36) | (108,87) | (85,45) | |
Long −Term Care Recipients | −0,185 | 0,102 | −0,014 | 0,134 | −0,054 |
per 10.000 Population | (0,14) | (0,15) | (0,08) | (0,07) | (0,05) |
Unemployment Rate in % | −10,135** | −23,250*** | −9,766*** | −9,558*** | −2,354 |
(3,11) | (4,25) | (1,97) | (2,13) | (1,29) | |
Net Monthly | −0,057 | −0,162*** | −0,071** | −0,073** | −0,048*** |
Household Income | (0,03) | (0,04) | (0,02) | (0,02) | (0,01) |
Number of Large | 30,030* | 53,129*** | 25,673*** | 14,811* | 11,818** |
Regional Centres | (12,01) | (12,92) | (6,70) | (6,72) | (4,31) |
Number of Medium | 1,734 | 3,204 | 0,044 | 1,700 | 0,177 |
Regional Centres | (2,15) | (2,50) | (1,35) | (1,19) | (0,90) |
Highly Qualified | 6,752** | 10,888*** | −0,687 | 2,167 | 2,318* |
Workers in % | (2,47) | (2,76) | (2,11) | (1,37) | (0,96) |
Low −Skilled | 0,025 | −1,163 | 2,103 | −0,495 | 0,455 |
Workers in % | (1,77) | (2,22) | (1,23) | (1,11) | (0,74) |
Single −Person | 5,869*** | 4,935** | 3,231* | −0,274 | 1,283* |
Households in % | (1,23) | (1,72) | (1,46) | (0,75) | (0,57) |
Immigrants in % | −7,687*** | −4,667* | 0,080 | −2,726* | −3,074*** |
(1,61) | (2,24) | (1,37) | (1,17) | (0,68) | |
Particulate Matter (PM 10) | −2,660*** | −5,063*** | −2,331*** | −1,068* | −0,554 |
(0,77) | (1,00) | (0,56) | (0,50) | (0,33) | |
Year 2007 | −218,644*** | −307,591*** | −162,635*** | −158,596*** | −131,132*** |
(58,23) | (65,29) | (31,99) | (32,08) | (20,08) | |
Year 2008 | −90,597** | −128,691*** | 54,803** | −62,213*** | −70,303*** |
(33,17) | (36,82) | (19,07) | (18,68) | (11,68) | |
Constants | 2473,987** | 6143,137*** | −61,622 | 2672,262*** | 988,383** |
(932,71) | (1190,85) | (750,33) | (526,49) | (349,18) | |
N | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 |
Specialist Hospitalizations | 0,174* | 0,320** | 0,255*** | 0,083 | −0,200 |
(0,07) | (0,12) | (0,06) | (0,07) | (0,56) | |
GP Cases | −0,200*** | −0,353** | −0,137*** | −0,124*** | −0,306*** |
(0,05) | (0,13) | (0,03) | (0,03) | (0,06) | |
Specialists | Orthopaedics | Gynaecology | ENT | Neurology | Dermatology |
ambulatory cases | |||||
Specialist | 1097,432*** | 768,731* | 557,960** | 236,741* | 1214,036*** |
Physician Density | (193,76) | (314,89) | (204,31) | (106,28) | (339,65) |
Male | −8,219 | −27,768* | −8,234* | −5,971 | −20,240* |
Life Expectancy | (5,49) | (12,56) | (4,02) | (3,29) | (9,27) |
Female | 7,037 | 3,935 | 0,829 | 1,152 | −3,750 |
Life Expectancy | (5,41) | (12,45) | (3,48) | (4,29) | (6,49) |
RSA Risk Factor | 314,001** | 812,547** | 176,453* | 309,764*** | 515,128* |
(104,84) | (296,34) | (70,24) | (84,15) | (248,76) | |
Long −Term Care Recipients | −0,130 | 0,231 | −0,150* | −0,165** | −0,033 |
per 10.000 Population | (0,08) | (0,19) | (0,06) | (0,05) | (0,10) |
Unemployment Rate in % | −1,822 | −16,971*** | −1,541 | −1,981 | −9,565*** |
(2,01) | (5,07) | (1,29) | (1,21) | (2,87) | |
Net Monthly | −0,037 | 0,016 | 0,004 | −0,039** | −0,032 |
Household Income | (0,02) | (0,07) | (0,02) | (0,01) | (0,03) |
Number of Large | 9,840 | 29,436 | 8,303 | 13,189** | 28,567*** |
Regional Centres | (6,82) | (16,41) | (4,79) | (4,05) | (8,38) |
Number of Medium | −3,122* | 2,186 | −0,112 | −0,717 | 0,237 |
Regional Centres | (1,43) | (2,97) | (0,88) | (0,87) | (1,55) |
Highly Qualified | 4,029** | 2,648 | 1,101 | 0,760 | 8,692** |
Workers in % | (1,49) | (5,40) | (1,02) | (0,92) | (3,21) |
Low −Skilled | 2,121 | −3,070 | 0,381 | 1,883* | −1,545 |
Workers in % | (1,23) | (2,99) | (0,82) | (0,73) | (2,61) |
Single −Person | 4,448*** | 11,395*** | 4,792*** | 4,060*** | 4,092** |
Households in % | (0,86) | (2,03) | (0,71) | (0,61) | (1,26) |
Immigrants in % | −2,260 | −8,041* | −1,560* | −0,813 | −4,108* |
(1,18) | (3,25) | (0,72) | (0,78) | (1,79) | |
Particulate Matter (PM 10) | −1,374* | −2,727 | −0,584 | −1,413*** | −2,948*** |
(0,54) | (1,39) | (0,36) | (0,34) | (0,70) | |
Year 2007 | −160,511*** | −284,296*** | −107,172*** | −101,125*** | −210,424*** |
(30,80) | (75,82) | (19,82) | (17,88) | (40,46) | |
Year 2008 | −65,327*** | −113,216* | −46,860*** | −45,597*** | −91,659*** |
(18,76) | (44,71) | (11,71) | (10,69) | (22,99) | |
Constants | 374,894 | 1473,006 | 697,276 | 492,033 | 2609,837*** |
(538,55) | (1294,81) | (376,95) | (402,82) | (745,61) | |
N | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 | 1.238 |