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Table 9 Complete estimation results of the 3SLS: Eq. (2)

From: On the interdependence of ambulatory and hospital care in the German health system

Specialists ambulatory cases

Ophthalmology

Internal medicine

Paediatrics

Surgery

Urology

Specialist Hospitalizations

−0,349

−0,041**

0,134

−0,024

0,043

 

(0,22)

(0,01)

(0,10)

(0,01)

(0,05)

GP Cases

−0,301**

−0,419***

−0,257***

−0,251***

−0,158***

 

(0,09)

(0,11)

(0,05)

(0,06)

(0,03)

Specialist

1034,214**

1193,020***

1150,209***

1062,275***

353,974

Physician Density

(318,21)

(204,96)

(205,80)

(207,65)

(275,68)

Male

−27,529**

−56,462***

−6,735

−29,130***

−12,677***

Life Expectancy

(8,62)

(12,14)

(7,12)

(5,48)

(3,33)

Female

1,893

−11,697

13,939**

3,563

3,268

Life Expectancy

(7,42)

(9,98)

(5,31)

(4,89)

(3,42)

RSA Risk Factor

963,151**

1374,248***

342,856**

499,031***

384,871***

 

(293,05)

(292,08)

(105,36)

(108,87)

(85,45)

Long −Term Care Recipients

−0,185

0,102

−0,014

0,134

−0,054

per 10.000 Population

(0,14)

(0,15)

(0,08)

(0,07)

(0,05)

Unemployment Rate in %

−10,135**

−23,250***

−9,766***

−9,558***

−2,354

 

(3,11)

(4,25)

(1,97)

(2,13)

(1,29)

Net Monthly

−0,057

−0,162***

−0,071**

−0,073**

−0,048***

Household Income

(0,03)

(0,04)

(0,02)

(0,02)

(0,01)

Number of Large

30,030*

53,129***

25,673***

14,811*

11,818**

Regional Centres

(12,01)

(12,92)

(6,70)

(6,72)

(4,31)

Number of Medium

1,734

3,204

0,044

1,700

0,177

Regional Centres

(2,15)

(2,50)

(1,35)

(1,19)

(0,90)

Highly Qualified

6,752**

10,888***

−0,687

2,167

2,318*

Workers in %

(2,47)

(2,76)

(2,11)

(1,37)

(0,96)

Low −Skilled

0,025

−1,163

2,103

−0,495

0,455

Workers in %

(1,77)

(2,22)

(1,23)

(1,11)

(0,74)

Single −Person

5,869***

4,935**

3,231*

−0,274

1,283*

Households in %

(1,23)

(1,72)

(1,46)

(0,75)

(0,57)

Immigrants in %

−7,687***

−4,667*

0,080

−2,726*

−3,074***

 

(1,61)

(2,24)

(1,37)

(1,17)

(0,68)

Particulate Matter (PM 10)

−2,660***

−5,063***

−2,331***

−1,068*

−0,554

 

(0,77)

(1,00)

(0,56)

(0,50)

(0,33)

Year 2007

−218,644***

−307,591***

−162,635***

−158,596***

−131,132***

 

(58,23)

(65,29)

(31,99)

(32,08)

(20,08)

Year 2008

−90,597**

−128,691***

54,803**

−62,213***

−70,303***

 

(33,17)

(36,82)

(19,07)

(18,68)

(11,68)

Constants

2473,987**

6143,137***

−61,622

2672,262***

988,383**

 

(932,71)

(1190,85)

(750,33)

(526,49)

(349,18)

N

1.238

1.238

1.238

1.238

1.238

Specialist Hospitalizations

0,174*

0,320**

0,255***

0,083

−0,200

 

(0,07)

(0,12)

(0,06)

(0,07)

(0,56)

GP Cases

−0,200***

−0,353**

−0,137***

−0,124***

−0,306***

 

(0,05)

(0,13)

(0,03)

(0,03)

(0,06)

Specialists

Orthopaedics

Gynaecology

ENT

Neurology

Dermatology

ambulatory cases

     

Specialist

1097,432***

768,731*

557,960**

236,741*

1214,036***

Physician Density

(193,76)

(314,89)

(204,31)

(106,28)

(339,65)

Male

−8,219

−27,768*

−8,234*

−5,971

−20,240*

Life Expectancy

(5,49)

(12,56)

(4,02)

(3,29)

(9,27)

Female

7,037

3,935

0,829

1,152

−3,750

Life Expectancy

(5,41)

(12,45)

(3,48)

(4,29)

(6,49)

RSA Risk Factor

314,001**

812,547**

176,453*

309,764***

515,128*

 

(104,84)

(296,34)

(70,24)

(84,15)

(248,76)

Long −Term Care Recipients

−0,130

0,231

−0,150*

−0,165**

−0,033

per 10.000 Population

(0,08)

(0,19)

(0,06)

(0,05)

(0,10)

Unemployment Rate in %

−1,822

−16,971***

−1,541

−1,981

−9,565***

 

(2,01)

(5,07)

(1,29)

(1,21)

(2,87)

Net Monthly

−0,037

0,016

0,004

−0,039**

−0,032

Household Income

(0,02)

(0,07)

(0,02)

(0,01)

(0,03)

Number of Large

9,840

29,436

8,303

13,189**

28,567***

Regional Centres

(6,82)

(16,41)

(4,79)

(4,05)

(8,38)

Number of Medium

−3,122*

2,186

−0,112

−0,717

0,237

Regional Centres

(1,43)

(2,97)

(0,88)

(0,87)

(1,55)

Highly Qualified

4,029**

2,648

1,101

0,760

8,692**

Workers in %

(1,49)

(5,40)

(1,02)

(0,92)

(3,21)

Low −Skilled

2,121

−3,070

0,381

1,883*

−1,545

Workers in %

(1,23)

(2,99)

(0,82)

(0,73)

(2,61)

Single −Person

4,448***

11,395***

4,792***

4,060***

4,092**

Households in %

(0,86)

(2,03)

(0,71)

(0,61)

(1,26)

Immigrants in %

−2,260

−8,041*

−1,560*

−0,813

−4,108*

 

(1,18)

(3,25)

(0,72)

(0,78)

(1,79)

Particulate Matter (PM 10)

−1,374*

−2,727

−0,584

−1,413***

−2,948***

 

(0,54)

(1,39)

(0,36)

(0,34)

(0,70)

Year 2007

−160,511***

−284,296***

−107,172***

−101,125***

−210,424***

 

(30,80)

(75,82)

(19,82)

(17,88)

(40,46)

Year 2008

−65,327***

−113,216*

−46,860***

−45,597***

−91,659***

 

(18,76)

(44,71)

(11,71)

(10,69)

(22,99)

Constants

374,894

1473,006

697,276

492,033

2609,837***

 

(538,55)

(1294,81)

(376,95)

(402,82)

(745,61)

N

1.238

1.238

1.238

1.238

1.238

  1. Standard error in parentheses, * p<0,10,**p<0,05,***p<0,01
  2. Note: All above mentioned variables were controlled for. Full results can be found in the Appendix