Total number of surgical discharges | Log Total number of surgical discharges | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
b | t | b | t | |
Opt out | 39.78 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 1.08 |
Rural hospital | −78.00 | −0.87 | 0.05 | 0.35 |
Hospital bed size | ||||
Small (reference) | . | |||
Medium | 20.62 | 0.77 | −0.01 | −0.49 |
Large | 226.72 | 1.39 | 0.06 | 1.24 |
Control/ownership of hospital | ||||
Government or private, collapsed category (reference) | ||||
Government, nonfederal, public, | −151.78 | −0.86 | 0.20 | 0.53 |
Private, non-profit, voluntary | 112.93 | 0.69 | −0.03 | −0.09 |
Private, invest-own | 104.25 | 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.87 |
Private, collapsed category | 15.87 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
Teaching hospital | 75.87 | 1.12 | 0.05 | 0.39 |
Hospital HHI based on patient flow | 254.90 | 0.61 | 0.85* | 2.15 |
Lagged (year t-1) facility-level patient summary measures | ||||
Total number of hospitalizations | 0.16*** | 12.43 | 0.00*** | 9.02 |
Percentage of cases were female | −409.79 | −0.69 | −0.23 | −0.21 |
Mean length of stay | 3.98 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
Percentage of surgical cases | 2580.39*** | 5.43 | 3.99*** | 4.46 |
Mean (CMS-HCC) risk score | −51.14 | −0.34 | −0.55 | −1.55 |
Age distribution (%) | ||||
<18 | 293.78 | 0.49 | 2.70 | 1.83 |
18_44 (reference) | ||||
45_64 | −185.31 | −0.24 | 2.07 | 1.49 |
65_74 | 597.26 | 1.22 | 2.28 | 1.81 |
75 or older | 483.46 | 0.92 | 0.34 | 0.31 |
Admission type (%) | ||||
Elective (reference) | ||||
Emergency | −46.15 | −0.40 | 0.21 | 1.04 |
Other | 124.02 | 1.27 | 0.08 | 0.49 |
Percentage of routine discharge hospitalizations | −330.91 | −1.27 | −0.23 | −0.58 |
Health insurance type (%) | ||||
Private insurance (reference) | ||||
Medicare | −106.02 | −0.28 | 0.23 | 0.54 |
Medicaid | 163.72 | 0.61 | 0.50 | 1.23 |
Others | −29.26 | −0.14 | 0.15 | 0.57 |
Race (%) | ||||
White (reference) | ||||
Black | −2054.46* | −2.62 | −0.21 | −0.32 |
Hispanic | 154.64 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.40 |
Other | −168.06* | −2.14 | −0.07 | −0.79 |
County-level variable | ||||
Total number of residents in the county | −0.00 | −0.17 | −0.00 | −1.24 |
Percentage of people in poverty | −2.75 | −0.31 | 0.00 | 0.23 |
Percentage of people are Medicare beneficiaries | −258.94 | −0.24 | −1.00 | −0.87 |
Percentage of people between age 16 to 64 | −285.91 | −0.70 | −1.23 | −2.03 |
Unemployment rate | −81.65 | −0.07 | −4.55* | −2.79 |
Per capita income | 0.01 | 1.14 | 0.00 | 2.03 |
Number of anesthesiologists [MD/DO] per 10,000 residents | 231.51 | 2.04 | −0.02 | −0.29 |
Year dummy variables | ||||
1999.year (reference) | 0.00 | . | 0.00 | . |
2000.year | 78.70* | 2.58 | −0.01 | −0.45 |
2001.year | 90.38* | 2.27 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
2002.year | 70.76 | 1.02 | 0.07 | 1.33 |
2003.year | 81.98 | 1.21 | 0.07 | 0.85 |
2004.year | 141.51 | 1.88 | −0.01 | −0.12 |
2005.year | 122.69 | 1.53 | −0.08 | −0.75 |
2006.year | −2.13 | −0.03 | −0.15 | −1.38 |
2007.year | 44.26 | 0.49 | −0.19 | −1.84 |
2008.year | 59.28 | 0.45 | −0.15 | −1.14 |
2009.year | −4.30 | −0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 |
2010.year | −55.14 | −0.29 | 0.01 | 0.07 |
2011.year | −183.95 | −0.97 | −0.06 | −0.29 |
Constant | 295.62 | 0.55 | 4.94** | 3.37 |
N | 2063 | 2063 | ||
R-squared (within) | 0.4010 | 0.2019 |