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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for the Independent Variables

From: National health insurance subscription and maternal healthcare utilisation across mothers’ wealth status in Ghana

Variable

Poor

Middle

Rich

N = 4,294

Row (Col.)

Row (Col.)

Row (Col.)

 

NHIS

 Owned

42.9 (67.1)

19.4 (68.7)

37.7 (72.9)

100

45.0 (32.9)

21.8 (31.3)

33.2 (27.1)

100

 Not Owned

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Residence

 Rural

77.1 (86.3)

16.7 (51.9)

6.2 (12.6)

100

 Urban

17.2 (13.7)

21.8 (48.1)

61.0 (87.4)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Religion

 Others

65.6 (35.6)

16.0 (24.0)

18.4 (18.0)

100

 Christianity

46.9 (64.4)

20.0 (76.0)

33.1 (82.0)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Marital Status

 Not Married

48.6 (32.1)

26.2 (48)

25.2 (30.1)

100

 Married

54.1 (67.9)

15.0 (52)

30.9 (69.9)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Occupation

 Not working

45.4 (15.0)

24.1 (22.2)

30.5 (18.2)

100

 Working

53.7 (85.0)

17.7 (77.8)

28.6 (81.8)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Partner’s occupation

 Primary

87.5 (9.6)

9.6 (20.9)

2.9 (45.9)

100

 Secondary

23.9 (76.3)

30.7 (25.0)

45.4 (4.6)

100

 Tertiary

23.1 (14.1)

16.9 (54.1)

60.0 (49.5)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Education

 No education

80.6 (51.4)

12.0 (21.2)

7.4 (8.5)

100

 Primary

61.6 (23.9)

20.3 (21.8)

18.1 (12.7)

100

 At least secondary

27.8 (24.7)

23.1 (56.9)

49.1 (78.9)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Partner’s education

 No education

85.9 (48.4)

8.5 (14.2)

5.5 (5.6)

100

 Primary

38.8 (50.3)

21.7 (83.0)

39.5 (93.1)

100

 At least secondary

44.1 (1.3)

32.2 (2.8)

23.7 (1.3)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Ecological zone

 Coastal

27.1 (14.7)

23.7 (35.6)

49.2 (48.1)

100

 Savannah

81.2 (33.6)

8.3 (49.9)

10.5 (39.8)

100

 Forest

45.6 (51.7)

24.4 (14.5)

30.0 (12.1)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Frequency of listening to radio

 Not at all

69.8 (25.7)

14.9 (15.2)

15.3 (10.1)

100

 Less than once a Week

50.1 (29.4)

21.8 (35.5)

28.1 (29.8)

100

 At least once a week

46.7 (44.9)

18.6 (49.4)

34.7 (60.1)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Water source

 Pipe

5.3 (1.0)

13.3 (5.1)

81.4 (20.2)

100

 Others

48.0 (99.0)

21.0 (94.9)

31.0 (79.8)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Contraceptive usage

 No modern contraceptive

43.3 (75.5)

19.8 (71.7)

36.9 (73.9)

100

 Uses modern

44.6 (24.5)

22.1 (28.3)

33.3 (26.1)

100

 Contraceptive

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Healthcare decision making

 Alone

46.3 (19.0)

20.3 (25.3)

33.4 (24.4)

100

 Not alone

54.7 (81.0)

16.7 (74.7)

28.6 (75.6)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Household purchase decision making

 Alone

50.7 (17.9)

19.6 (20.9)

29.7 (18.7)

100

 Not alone

53.4 (82.1)

16.9 (79.1)

29.7 (81.3)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Decision making on visits

 Alone

48.9 (20.2)

18.9 (23.7)

32.0 (23.5)

100

 Not alone

53.9 (79.8)

17.0 (76.3)

29.0 (76.5)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 

Shared toilet facility

 No

1.7 (0.6)

8.4 (5.9)

90.0 (58.3)

100

 With other household only

53.2 (99.4)

22.9 (94.1)

23.9 (41.7)

100

 

(100)

(100)

(100)

 
  1. Computed from GHDS 2014 Data