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Table 3 Logistic regression results on ANC visit

From: National health insurance subscription and maternal healthcare utilisation across mothers’ wealth status in Ghana

   

ANC

   

Variable

Poor

95% CI

Middle

95% CI

Rich

95% CI

Health Insurance

 Not-subscribed

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Subscribed

0.067**(0.028)

1.76–2.87

0.045 (0.031)

2.12–4.76

0.017 (0.013)

1.14–4.14

Residence

 Rural

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Urban

0.026 (0.039)

1.10–2.68

−0.034 (0.026)

0.98–1.64

−0.012 (0.015)

0.28–2.73

Religion

 Others

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Christianity

−0.045 (0.028)

0.67–1.34

0.034 (0.034)

0.46–2.51

0.005 (0.022)

0.59–4.21

Marital Status

 Not Married

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Married

0.067*(0.031)

1.41–2.44

0.080**(0.031)

0.74–2.86

0.021 (0.016)

0.75–3.16

Occupation

 Not working

 

1,1

 

1,1

  

 Working

0.104**(0.044)

1.11–2.26

0.095**(0.036)

1.75–4.31

0.049**(0.018)

 

Partner’s occupation

 Primary

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Secondary

0.048 (0.032)

1.15–2.65

−0.002 (0.031)

2.31–3.99

0.010 (0.027)

0.23–2.30

 Tertiary

0.129***(0.029)

1.27–3.87

0.027 (0.036)

1.54–2.56

0.019 (0.025)

0.65–5.42

Education

 No education

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Primary

−0.009 (0.035)

0.86–1.69

0.012 (0.043)

0.77–1.75

−0.030 (0.025)

0.63–2.71

 At least secondary

−0.001 (0.037)

0.91–3.01

0.049 (0.040)

0.94–1.88

0.005 (0.017)

0.97–1.72

Partner’s education

 No education

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Primary

−0.019 (0.040)

0.80–1.64

−0.029 (0.049)

0.82–1.66

0.040 (0.035)

1.21–3.22

 At least secondary

0.023 (0.036)

0.98–1.96

−0.007 (0.039)

0.78–1.84

0.041 (0.033)

2.12–4.21

Ecological zone

 Coastal

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Savannah

0.015 (0.039)

0.58–1.37

0.015 (0.039)

0.49–1.52

0.001 (0.022)

0.82–2.45

 Forest

−0.033 (0.030)

0.46–1.02

−0.033 (0.030)

0.64–1.73

−0.005 (0.012)

0.94–1.63

Frequency of listening to radio

 Not at all

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Less than once a Week

0.042 (0.041)

1.00–1.84

0.042 (0.041)

2.02–4.89

−0.013 (0.017)

2.42–5.21

 At least once a week

0.106***(0.036)

1.83–3.28

0.106**(0.036)

1.86–3.72

0.009 (0.012)

2.01–4.21

Water source

 Pipe

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Others

0.281 (0.154)

0.45–2.14

0.089**(0.033)

0.65–2.71

0.009 (0.015)

0.72–2.71

Contraceptive usage

 No modern contraceptive

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Uses modern Contraceptive

0.064**(0.025)

1.43–2.70

0.065**(0.024)

0.95–2.63

0.000**(0.012)

0.52–2.61

 Birth order

−0.004*(0.032)

0.33–2.01

0.001 (0.154)

1.22–3.28

0.024 (0.031)

0.74–3.82

Healthcare decision making

 Alone

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Not alone

−0.050 (0.028)

1.21–3.43

−0.052 (0.030)

1.63–3.21

−0.015 (0.011)

1.82–2.73

Household purchase decision making

 Alone

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Not alone

0.080 (0.042)

2.32–4.51

0.070 (0.041)

2.41–4.22

−0.016 (−0.013)

0.54–2.82

Decision making on visits

 Alone

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 Not alone

0.021 (0.036)

1.32–4.12

0.075*(0.038)

0.56–2.61

0.004 (0.016)

0.82–2.64

Shared toilet facility

 No

 

1,1

 

1,1

 

1,1

 With other household only

−0.026 (0.036)

2.11–4.24

−0.066 (0.053)

2.31–4.46

−0.026*(0.012)

2.14–4.62

 Public

−0.004 (0.032)

0.97–2.54

−0.051 (0.049)

1.11–3.01

−0.013 (0.012)

1.85–3.22

 Hosmer and Lemeshow’s Gof

9

 

12.7

 

9.7

 
  1. Co-efficient; standard error in bracket; 95% confidence interval *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001