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Table 3 Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit root test

From: Health expenditure and economic growth - a review of the literature and an analysis between the economic community for central African states (CEMAC) and selected African countries

CEMAC

Augmented Dickey Fuller test

Decision

Level

First Difference

Trend & inter

Probability

Trend & inter

Probability

GDP per capita

11.1034

0.5201

30.7002

0.0022

I(1)

Health expenditure per capita

3.76014

0.9874

26.3409

0.0096

I(1)

Household final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2010 US$)

7.45014

0.8265

50.1558

0.0000

I(1)

Labour force, total

16.3967

0.1737

32.0656

0.0014

I(1)

Life expectancy at birth, total (years)

3.34533

0.4564

92.7717

0.0000

I(1)

Trade (% of GDP)

5.45676

0.4567

34.4610

0.0002

I(1)

Other african countries (>15% GGE)

GDP per capita

10.9147

0.3642

40.3050

0.0000

I(1)

Health expenditure per capita

9.44517

0.4904

35.7159

0.0001

I(1)

Household final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2010 US$)

4.52449

0.9206

28.1659

0.0017

I(1)

Labour force, total

6.89184

0.7356

16.7841

0.0793

I(1)

Life expectancy at birth, total (years)

5.78906

0.6789

76.0157

0.0000

I(0)

Trade (% of GDP)

16.0930

0.0970

42.7828

0.0000

I(1)

  1. Source: Computed by author