Skip to main content

Table 5 Results of granger causality test

From: Health expenditure and economic growth - a review of the literature and an analysis between the economic community for central African states (CEMAC) and selected African countries

Null Hypothesis:

Other african countries (PHE > 15% GGE)

CEMAC (PHE < 15% GGE)

Obs

F-Statistic

Prob.

Obs

F-Statistic

Prob.

Health Expenditure does not Granger Cause LGDP

95

5.78615

0.0043

114

4.83873

0.0097

GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Health expenditure

2.04999

0.1347

13.5136

6.E-06

Household consumption does not Granger Cause GDP per capita

95

2.44313

0.0926

114

2.08910

0.1287

GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Household consumption

0.08120

0.9221

0.94095

0.3934

Labour force does not Granger Cause GDP per capita

95

3.76413

0.0269

114

6.57896

0.0020

GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Labour force

0.92280

0.4011

2.30750

0.1044

Life expectancy does not Granger Cause GDP per capita

95

0.93059

0.3981

114

0.10912

0.8967

GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Life expectancy

4.01096

0.0214

0.70521

0.4962

Trade does not Granger Cause GDP per capita

95

0.99131

0.3751

114

1.37170

0.2580

GDP per capita does not Granger Cause Trade

2.40805

0.0958

2.66348

0.0742

Household consumption does not Granger Cause Health expenditure

95

0.72830

0.4856

114

0.75915

0.4705

Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Household consumption

3.50142

0.0343

0.24121

0.7861

Labour force does not Granger Cause Health expenditure

95

4.42441

0.0147

114

11.4054

3.E-05

Health expenditure does not Granger Cause labour force

0.47943

0.6207

3.48352

0.0342

Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Health expenditure

95

1.05275

0.3532

114

0.38290

0.6828

Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Life expectancy

3.56348

0.0324

1.76211

0.1765

Trade does not Granger Cause health expenditure

95

1.15248

0.3205

114

1.58412

0.2098

Health expenditure does not Granger Cause Trade

0.29987

0.7417

0.39338

0.6757

Labour force does not Granger Cause Household consumption

95

3.07424

0.0511

114

1.31762

0.2720

Cause Household consumption does not Granger Cause labour force

0.39595

0.6742

1.63605

0.1995

Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Household consumption

95

1.79853

0.1714

114

0.97617

0.3800

Household consumption does not Granger Cause life expectancy

1.67952

0.1923

6.40920

0.0023

Trade does not Granger Cause Household consumption

95

1.76174

0.1776

114

2.22514

0.1129

Household consumption does not Granger Cause Trade

0.39271

0.6764

0.34313

0.7103

Life expectancy does not Granger Cause labour force

95

0.09075

0.9133

114

0.89907

0.4099

labour force does not Granger Cause life expectancy

8.89750

0.0003

8.63025

0.0003

Trade does not Granger Cause labour force

95

0.21222

0.8092

114

4.22751

0.0171

labour force does not Granger Cause trade

0.09455

0.9099

4.14838

0.0184

Trade does not Granger Cause life expectancy

95

1.88887

0.1572

114

2.75488

0.0680

Life expectancy does not Granger Cause Trade

1.16546

0.3164

0.01484

0.9853

  1. Source: Computed by author
Back to article page

Health Economics Review

ISSN: 2191-1991

Contact us