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Table 1 Results of the ordered probit regressions for Wave 5

From: Some microeconometric evidence on the relationship between health and income

Variables

Absolute income

IIH

 

Hypothesis

Strong version

Weak version

Income

\(\underset {(1.22\text {e-}07)}{1.84\text {e-}06^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.20\text {e-}07)}{1.84\text {e-}06^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.44\text {e-}07)}{1.89\text {e-}06^{{ ***}}}\)

Income squared

\(\underset {(1.55\text {e-}14)}{-2.06\text {e-}13^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.50\text {e-}14)}{-2.04\text {e-}13^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.73\text {e-}14)}{-2.09\text {e-}13^{{ ***}}}\)

Quintiles of income: Reference - Q5

   

Quintile 1

  

\(\underset {(0.029)}{-0.258^{{ ***}}}\)

Quintile 2

  

\(\underset {(0.028)}{-0.201^{{ ***}}}\)

Quintile 3

  

\(\underset {(0.027)}{-0.115^{{ ***}}}\)

Quintile 4

  

\(\underset {(0.026)}{-0.053^{{ ***}}}\)

Index of inequalities (II) - Theil

 

\(\underset {(0.024)}{-0.403^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.049)}{-0.838^{{ ***}}}\)

Interaction quintile 1 and II

  

\(\underset {(0.069)}{0.115^{{ *}}}\)

Interaction quintile 2 and II

  

\(\underset {(0.068)}{0.114^{{ *}}}\)

Interaction quintile 3 and II

  

\(\underset {(0.068)}{0.023}\)

Interaction quintile 4 and II

  

\(\underset {(0.068)}{0.062}\)

GDP

 

\(\underset {(4.53\text {e-}07)}{1.99\text {e-}06^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.049)}{0.0001^{{ ***}}}\)

Age

\(\underset {(0.006)}{0.037^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.006)}{0.019^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.006)}{0.037^{{ ***}}}\)

Age squared

\(\underset {(0.00004)}{-0.0004^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.0004)}{-0.0003^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.00004)}{-0.0004^{{ ***}}}\)

Years of education

\(\underset {(0.001)}{0.034^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.001)}{0.028^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.001)}{0.026^{{ ***}}}\)

Gender =1 if women

\(\underset {(0.009)}{0.003}\)

\(\underset {(0.009)}{0.005}\)

\(\underset {(0.009)}{0.007}\)

Marital Status: Reference - Married

   

Registered partnership

\(\underset {(0.035)}{-0.042}\)

\(\underset {(0.035)}{-0.006}\)

\(\underset {(0.035)}{0.058^{{ *}}}\)

Married, not living with spouse

\(\underset {(0.039)}{-0.094^{{ **}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.039)}{0.004}\)

\(\underset {(0.039)}{-0.076^{{ **}}}\)

Never married

\(\underset {(0.019)}{-0.071^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.019)}{0.023}\)

\(\underset {(0.019)}{0.023}\)

Divorced

\(\underset {(0.015)}{-0.045^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.016)}{0.068^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.018)}{0.032^{{ **}}}\)

Widowed

\(\underset {(0.014)}{-0.024^{{ *}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.015)}{0.055^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.014)}{0.015}\)

Job Situation: Reference Retired

   

Employed

\(\underset {(0.014)}{0.253^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.014)}{0.224^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.014)}{0.246^{{ ***}}}\)

Unemployed

\(\underset {(0.028)}{-0.212^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.028)}{-0.103^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.028)}{-0.176^{{ ***}}}\)

Permanently sick

\(\underset {(0.026)}{-1.25^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.026)}{-1.069^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.026)}{-1.207^{{ ***}}}\)

Home-maker

\(\underset {(0.017)}{-0.059^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.017)}{-0.064^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.017)}{-0.056^{{ ***}}}\)

Other

\(\underset {(0.031)}{-0.236^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.031)}{-1.169^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(0.031)}{-0.207^{{ ***}}}\)

Mechanisms IIHs:

   

1 st: % Health expenditure in GDP

 

\(\underset {(0.003)}{0.077^{{ ***}}}\)

 

2 nd: Received help from others

 

\(\underset {(0.006)}{-0.179^{{ ***}}}\)

 

2 nd bis: Given help from others

 

\(\underset {(0.0001)}{0.001^{{ ***}}}\)

 

3 rd: Life satisfaction

 

\(\underset {(0.003)}{0.216^{{ ***}}}\)

 

Cut-point μ 1

\(\underset {(0.216)}{-0.474}\)

\(\underset {(0.219)}{0.899}\)

\(\underset {(0.215)}{-0.428}\)

Cut-point μ 2

\(\underset {(0.216)}{0.615}\)

\(\underset {(0.219)}{2.076}\)

\(\underset {(0.215)}{0.632}\)

Cut-point μ 3

\(\underset {(0.216)}{1.746}\)

\(\underset {(0.219)}{3.261}\)

\(\underset {(0.215)}{1.728}\)

Cut-point μ 4

\(\underset {(0.216)}{2.592}\)

\(\underset {(0.219)}{4.133}\)

\(\underset {(0.215)}{2.548}\)

ME at mean of absolute income on:

   

Pr(Poor health)

\(\underset {(1.92\text {e-}08)}{-2.84\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.71\text {e-}08)}{-2.58\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(2.32\text {e-}08)}{-3.02\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

Pr(Fair health)

\(\underset {(2.05\text {e-}08)}{-3.06\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.95\text {e-}08)}{-2.97\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(2.49\text {e-}08)}{-3.24\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

Pr(Good health)

\(\underset {(6.44\text {e-}09)}{8.80\text {e-}08^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(4.97\text {e-}09)}{6.65\text {e-}08^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(7.80\text {e-}09)}{9.56\text {e-}08^{{ ***}}}\)

Pr(Very good health)

\(\underset {(1.78\text {e-}08)}{2.65\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.68\text {e-}08)}{2.55\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(2.14\text {e-}08)}{2.79\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

Pr(Excellent health)

\(\underset {(1.59\text {e-}08)}{2.37\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.54\text {e-}08)}{2.34\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

\(\underset {(1.92\text {e-}08)}{2.51\text {e-}07^{{ ***}}}\)

  1. For AIH, dummies for countries are included but not reported, and available upon request
  2. ***: 1% significant; **: 5% significant; *: 10% significant. Standard deviations are in parentheses, below the coefficients.