Table 4 Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of catastrophic spending on institutional delivery and total maternal care expenditure associated with socio-economic and demographic correlates during pre and post NHM periods in India
Background characteristics | Institutional delivery | All three maternal care | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Odd ratio | 95% CI | Odd ratio | 95% CI | |
Age | ||||
  < 30 (R) | ||||
  30–59 | 0.86 | 0.77–0.97 | 0.78 | 0.68–0.89 |
  60+ | 0.75 | 0.64–0.86 | 0.65 | 0.56–0.77 |
Place of Residence | ||||
 Rural (R) | ||||
  Urban | 0.29 | 0.26–0.32 | 0.27 | 0.24–.0.31 |
Education Level | ||||
 No Education (R) | ||||
  Primary | 0.98 | 0.87–1.10 | 1.02 | 0.89–1.18 |
  Secondary | 1.03 | 0.91–1.18 | 1.11 | 0.96–1.28 |
  Higher secondary + | 1.08 | 0.92–1.27 | 1.17 | 0.98–1.40 |
MPCE Quintile | ||||
 Poorest (R) | ||||
  Poorer | 0.06 | 0.05–0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07–0.10 |
  Middle | 0.02 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02–0.04 |
  Higher | 0.01 | 0.01–0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01–0.02 |
  Highest | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 |
Caste | ||||
 Scheduled Tribe (R) | ||||
  Scheduled Caste | 1.00 | 0.82–1.21 | 1.14 | 0.90–1.43 |
  Other Backward Caste | 1.18 | 0.99–1.42 | 1.44 | 1.16–1.78 |
  Others | 1.19 | 0.99–1.44 | 1.30 | 1.04–1.63 |
Religion | ||||
 Hindu (R) | ||||
  Muslim | 0.88 | 0.77–1.01 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.91 |
  Others | 1.00 | 0.81–1.23 | 1.00 | 0.79–1.26 |
Household Type | ||||
 Other (R) | ||||
  Labourer | 1.10 | 0.97–1.15 | 1.14 | 0.98–1.33 |
Interaction effect | ||||
 Public*Time (PreNHM) (R) | ||||
  Private*Time (PreNHM) | 3.48 | 2.92–4.16 | 4.97 | 3.88–6.36 |
  Public*Time (PostNHM) | 0.03 | 0.02–0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04–0.07 |
  Private*Time (PostNHM) | 0.54 | 0.46–0.63 | 1.34 | 1.08–1.67 |
  Constant | 306.61 | 193.33–486.26 | 327.92 | 195.11–551.15 |