From: Economics of open tibial fractures: the pivotal role of length-of-stay and infection
Model | AV-CM | NSRV-CM | LS-M | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | Total costs | Total costs | Length-of-stay | ||||
Variable | t-value | p | t-value | p | t-value | p | |
Clinical characteristics | Gender | ||||||
-Male | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-Female | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Age | . | . | 0.55 | 0.586 | 1.32 | 0.193 | |
ASA score | |||||||
-ASA 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-ASA 2 | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-ASA 3 | . | . | 0.92 | 0.362 | . | . | |
CVRF | . | . | 2.09 | 0.043* | 1.86 | 0.069 | |
AO/OTA classification | |||||||
-bone segment 42 a | . | . | 2.00 | 0.052 | 1.84 | 0.073 | |
-fracture type (A, B, C) | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-fracture group 3 a | . | . | 0.77 | 0.446 | 0.89 | 0.380 | |
Open fractures | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Antibiotic therapy | |||||||
-prophylactic | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-therapeutic | . | . | 0.95 | 0.346 | 1.637 | 0.109 | |
Delayed-staged surgery | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Type of definite surgery | |||||||
-intramedullary nail | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-plate osteosynthesis | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-screw osteosynthesis | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
-external fixator | . | . | 1.23 | 0.228 | . | . | |
-arthrodesis | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Superficial infection | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Deep infection | 1.66 | 0.104 | 3.81 | <0.001*** | 3.49 | 0.001*** | |
Nonunion | 1.99 | 0.053 | 1.66 | 0.104 | . | . | |
Other complications | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Debridement | . | . | 1.66 | 0.105 | 1.56 | 0.126 | |
Hardware removal | . | . | 0.84 | 0.404 | . | . | |
Re-osteosynthesis | 1.21 | 0.233 | . | . | . | . | |
Other Operations | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Mortality | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Process characteristics | LOS to definite surgery | . | . | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded |
Total length of antibiotic therapy | . | . | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Total LOS | 30.56 | <0.001*** | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Number of operations | 0.77 | 0.448 | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Number of hospital admissions | 1.18 | 0.246 | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Number of surgical day care admissions | . | . | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Number of ambulatory consults | . | . | excluded | excluded | excluded | excluded | |
Model | R2 | 0.98 | 0.67 | 0.54 | |||
Adj R2 | 0.97 | 0.58 | 0.46 |