From: Determinants and the impact of the National Health Insurance on neonatal mortality in Ghana
Study variables | Full sample | Valid Nhis | No Valid Nhis | Mean diff | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | P-value |
Neonatal Death | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.642 |
Mother’s Age | 36.86 | 7.62 | 37.43 | 7.63 | 36.55 | 7.58 | 0.000 |
Twin | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.095 |
Birth order | 2.95 | 1.93 | 3.09 | 2.02 | 2.83 | 1.86 | 0.000 |
Child is Male | 0.51 | 0.5 | 0.53 | 0.5 | 0.52 | 0.5 | 0.208 |
Number of ANC Visits | 6.26 | 2.82 | 5.97 | 2.73 | 6.54 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
Delivered by CS | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.349 |
Faciltiy Delivery | 0.92 | 0.27 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.93 | 0.25 | 0.000 |
Birth Interval | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0.87 | 0.34 | 0.87 | 0.33 | 0.465 |
Distance to Health Facility a Problem | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 0.46 | 0.000 |
Mother’s Education | |||||||
 No education | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.49 | 0.000 |
 Primary | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.001 |
 Secondary | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.000 |
 Higher | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.014 |
Employment Status | |||||||
 Employed | 0.87 | 0.33 | 0.9 | 0.29 | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0.000 |
Marital Status | |||||||
 Single | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.079 |
 Married | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.73 | 0.45 | 0.011 |
 Living Together | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.001 |
 Formerly Married | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.339 |
Wealth Quintiles | |||||||
 Poorest | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.5 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.000 |
 Poor | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.000 |
 Middle | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.000 |
 Rich | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.000 |
 Richest | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.911 |
Place of Residence | |||||||
 Urban | 0.397 | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.000 |
Region of Residence | |||||||
 Greater Accra | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.000 |
 Western | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.000 |
 Central | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.822 |
 Volta | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.000 |
 Eastern | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.000 |
 Ashanti | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.000 |
 Brong Ahafo | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.000 |
 Northern | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.000 |
 Upper East | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.000 |
 Upper West | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0.000 |
Observations | 23,118 | Â | 1941 | Â | 13,055 | Â | Â |