Table 2 Health care utilisation in SHARE: negative binomial conditionally correlated random effects model

Age

0.970***

0.969***

0.951***

0.950***

0.987

0.986

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.011]

[0.011]

[0.033]

[0.033]

Age squared

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

[0.000]

Male

0.928***

0.927***

0.963***

0.963***

1.198***

1.197***

[0.008]

[0.008]

[0.009]

[0.009]

[0.026]

[0.026]

Married

1.009

1.008

1.006

1.005

1.089

1.089

[0.024]

[0.024]

[0.033]

[0.033]

[0.092]

[0.092]

Immigrant

1.045***

1.045***

1.029*

1.028

1.021

1.020

[0.015]

[0.015]

[0.017]

[0.017]

[0.038]

[0.038]

Secondary education

0.993

0.992

0.956***

0.955***

1.035

1.032

[0.010]

[0.010]

[0.012]

[0.012]

[0.028]

[0.028]

Tertiary education

1.043***

1.043***

0.903***

0.903***

1.022

1.022

[0.013]

[0.013]

[0.014]

[0.014]

[0.036]

[0.036]

Employed

0.904***

0.904***

0.936***

0.936***

0.865***

0.864***

[0.013]

[0.013]

[0.018]

[0.018]

[0.048]

[0.048]

ln(Income_ppp)

1.014***

1.014***

1.011***

1.011***

0.999

0.999

[0.003]

[0.003]

[0.003]

[0.003]

[0.010]

[0.010]

Present smoker

0.877***

0.877***

0.914***

0.914***

0.587***

0.587***

[0.015]

[0.015]

[0.020]

[0.020]

[0.034]

[0.034]

Regular alcohol consumption

0.956***

0.956***

0.952***

0.952***

0.844***

0.844***

[0.010]

[0.010]

[0.012]

[0.012]

[0.031]

[0.031]

Regular physical activity

0.937***

0.937***

0.951***

0.951***

0.832***

0.832***

[0.008]

[0.008]

[0.011]

[0.011]

[0.026]

[0.026]

ADL scale

1.033***

1.033***

1.032***

1.032***

1.156***

1.156***

[0.005]

[0.005]

[0.006]

[0.006]

[0.017]

[0.017]

Number of chronic diseases

1.117***

1.117***

1.093***

1.093***

1.185***

1.185***

[0.004]

[0.004]

[0.005]

[0.005]

[0.013]

[0.013]

Cognitive impairment

0.991

0.981*

1.001

0.98

1.081**

1.075*

[0.009]

[0.011]

[0.012]

[0.014]

[0.035]

[0.044]

Sensory impairment

1.017**

1.009

1.007

0.989

1.047*

1.042

[0.008]

[0.009]

[0.010]

[0.012]

[0.029]

[0.034]

Sense_cog impairment

1.023

1.049**

1.014

[0.015]

[0.020]

[0.053]

Austria

1.311***

1.310***

1.146***

1.145***

1.877***

1.876***

[0.024]

[0.024]

[0.025]

[0.025]

[0.088]

[0.088]

Germany

1.567***

1.566***

1.263***

1.262***

1.419***

1.417***

[0.031]

[0.031]

[0.029]

[0.029]

[0.074]

[0.074]

Netherlands

1.085***

1.084***

0.905***

0.904***

0.921

0.92

[0.020]

[0.020]

[0.020]

[0.020]

[0.049]

[0.049]

Spain

1.252***

1.252***

1.132***

1.132***

0.755***

0.757***

[0.024]

[0.024]

[0.026]

[0.026]

[0.041]

[0.041]

Italy

1.375***

1.375***

1.314***

1.314***

0.836***

0.837***

[0.026]

[0.026]

[0.029]

[0.029]

[0.044]

[0.044]

France

1.540***

1.539***

1.467***

1.465***

1.178***

1.176***

[0.026]

[0.026]

[0.030]

[0.030]

[0.056]

[0.056]

Switzerland

1.131***

1.131***

0.966

0.966

1.350***

1.349***

[0.022]

[0.022]

[0.023]

[0.023]

[0.072]

[0.072]

Belgium

1.564***

1.563***

1.497***

1.495***

1.175***

1.173***

[0.026]

[0.026]

[0.030]

[0.030]

[0.054]

[0.054]

SHARE Wave 2

1.109***

1.109***

1.108***

1.108***

1.141*

1.142*

[0.023]

[0.023]

[0.027]

[0.027]

[0.085]

[0.085]

SHARE Wave 4

1.243***

1.245***

1.311***

1.315***

1.139

1.140

[0.069]

[0.069]

[0.089]

[0.089]

[0.227]

[0.228]

SHARE Wave 5

1.406***

1.408***

.

.

1.227

1.229

[0.101]

[0.101]

.

.

[0.316]

[0.317]

N

85,147

85,147

59,965

59,965

85,473

85,473

ll

−239,098.39

−239,094.79

−146,884.11

−146,879.70

−45,976.20

−45,974.52

AIC

478,284.78

478,281.57

293,854.22

293,849.40

92,040.40

92,041.05

BIC

478,696.28

478,711.77

294,241.29

294,254.47

92,452.06

92,471.42