Table 4 Results of Order probit regression: Correlates of catastrophic maternity expenditure at different threshold levels
From: Out-of-pocket expenditure on maternity care for hospital births in Uttar Pradesh, India
| Variable | Categories | Marginal effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Less than 15% level | 15–25% level | More than 25% level | ||
| Age (in years) | 0.008(0.034) | −0.002(0.008) | 0.001(0.006) | 0.001(0.002) | |
| Education level of women | Up to high school v/s Intermediate | −0.356(0.367) | 0.076(0.067) | −0.055(0.051) | −0.021(0.018) |
| Up to high school v/s Under graduation and above | 0.319(0.286) | −0.080(0.076) | 0.055(0.051) | 0.025(0.026) | |
| Religion | Hindu v/s Muslim | 0.044(0.306) | −0.011(0.075) | 0.007(0.052) | 0.003(0.023) |
| Social group | SC/ST v/s OBC | 0.246(0.334) | −0.062(0.087) | 0.042(0.059) | 0.019(0.029) |
| SC/ST v/s General | 0.162(0.333) | −0.040(0.082) | 0.028(0.057) | 0.012(0.026) | |
| Per capita annual income | −1.435***(0.195) | 0.350***(0.052) | −0.244***(0.049) | −0.106***(0.030) | |
| Place of residence | Urban v/s Rural | 0.279(0.242) | −0.066(0.056) | 0.046(0.040) | 0.020(0.017) |
| Social networks | Yes v/s No | 0.163(0.45) | −0.040(0.109) | 0.028(0.076) | 0.012(0.033) |
| Mass media exposure | No v/s Yes | 0.252(0.31) | −0.056(0.063) | 0.04(0.046) | 0.016(0.017) |
| Number of previous pregnancies | −0.038(0.154) | 0.009(0.037) | −0.007(0.026) | −0.003(0.011) | |
| Last pregnancy registered with ANM | Yes v/s No | 0.102(0.227) | −0.025(0.055) | 0.017(0.039) | 0.008(0.017) |
| Number of ANCs | 0.076**(0.037) | −0.018**(0.009) | 0.013*(0.007) | 0.006*(0.003) | |
| Quality of ANCs | Low v/s Medium | −0.894*(0.457) | 0.153***(0.054) | −0.115***(0.043) | −0.039**(0.016) |
| High | −0.542(0.353) | 0.147(0.104) | −0.096(0.066) | −0.050(0.042) | |
| Place of ANCs | Government hospital v/s Private hospital | −0.156(0.302) | 0.038(0.074) | −0.026(0.051) | −0.012(0.022) |
| Distance to ANC hospital | 0.003(0.004) | −0.001(0.001) | 0.000(0.001) | 0.000(0.000) | |
| Who has taken decision on institutional delivery | Self/Family planned v/s Doctor advised/ Rushed to hospital due to EmOC | 0.598**(0.242) | −0.146**(0.059) | 0.101**(0.044) | 0.044**(0.021) |
| Type of delivery | Normal v/s Caesarean/forceps | 0.617**(0.251) | −0.151**(0.059) | 0.105**(0.044) | 0.046**(0.021) |
| Type of hospital for delivery | Government hospital v/s Government aided hospital | 0.571*(0.321) | −0.157(0.096) | 0.102*(0.060) | 0.055(0.040) |
| Government hospital-I v/s Private hospital | 2.427***(0.422) | −0.742***(0.095) | 0.253***(0.052) | 0.489***(0.116) | |
| Received JSY | Yes v/s No | 0.627(0.289) | 0.153(0.070) | 0.106(0.051) | 0.046(0.024) |
| Content 1 | −12.798(2.488) | ||||
| Content 1 | −11.955(2.462) | ||||
| Prob>chi2 | 0.0000 | ||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.3436 | ||||
| Log likelihood | 113.15 | ||||