Table 6 Mean expenditure (US$) and percentage share of maternal health care spending in couple’s annual income
From: Out-of-pocket expenditure on maternity care for hospital births in Uttar Pradesh, India
Variable | Categories | Mean expenditure (US$) | Mean percentage share into couple annual income | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANCs | Delivery | TME | ANCs | Delivery | TME | ||
Age (in years) | Less than 25 | 38.83(7.01) | 86.51(11.73) | 125.34(14.97) | 3.29(0.57) | 8.44(1.34) | 11.72(1.62) |
25–29 | 47.82(6.95) | 91.2(13.84) | 139.02(18.24) | 5.14(1.25) | 7.99(1.45) | 13.14(2.37) | |
30 and above | 105.33(24.91) | 140.52(23.71) | 245.87(43.49) | 5.19(1.26) | 9.95(2.53) | 15.14(3.51) | |
Education level of women | Up to high school | 30.1(5.3) | 73.24(9.57) | 103.35(12.18) | 3.03(0.65) | 7.3(1.06) | 10.33(1.38) |
Intermediate | 51.78(15.79) | 68.66(14.5) | 120.45(23.97) | 3.93(1.03) | 7.01(2.15) | 10.94(2.88) | |
Under graduation and above | 87.35(13.37) | 139.52(17.72) | 226.88(27.11) | 6.36(1.35) | 10.48(1.86) | 16.84(2.87) | |
Religion | Hindu | 53.9(7.29) | 99.85(10.12) | 153.77(15.13) | 4.34(0.72) | 8.44(1.02) | 12.77(1.49) |
Muslim | 65.24(13.5) | 95.72(16.5) | 160.98(24.09) | 5.2(1.43) | 9.03(2.4) | 14.22(3.62) | |
Social group | SC/ST | 25.48(8.32) | 80.41(16.96) | 105.89(20.5) | 3.08(1.45) | 8.83(1.84) | 11.9(2.62) |
OBC | 40.75(7.17) | 91.35(13.98) | 132.11(18.69) | 4.87(1.32) | 10.14(1.89) | 15.01(2.74) | |
General | 79.23(12.06) | 112.41(14.29) | 191.65(22.81) | 4.7(0.75) | 7.15(1.2) | 11.85(1.82) | |
Per capita annual income | Below $390 | 54.26(13.76) | 86.27(20.94) | 140.53(28.66) | 16.83(5.03) | 24.64(5.61) | 41.47(8.63) |
$390.1 to $976 | 39.08(8.73) | 92.04(16.5) | 131.13(22.96) | 5.95(1.35) | 13.83(2.54) | 19.78(3.52) | |
$976.1 and above | 61.58(8.81) | 103.23(11.44) | 164.82(17.35) | 2.34(0.29) | 4.63(0.53) | 6.97(0.68) | |
Place of residence | Urban | 71.9(10.01) | 107.72(12.99) | 179.63(19.99) | 5.4(0.99) | 8.34(1.3) | 13.74(2.01) |
Rural | 32.58(5.6) | 86.75(10.68) | 119.34(13.66) | 3.15(0.62) | 8.82(1.33) | 11.97(1.72) | |
Social networks | Yes | 63.16(19.95) | 124.76(34.17) | 187.93(52.55) | 3.46(1.81) | 5.51(2.15) | 8.97(3.95) |
No | 55.01(6.84) | 96.31(9.08) | 151.33(13.47) | 4.59(0.68) | 8.87(1.02) | 13.47(1.47) | |
Mass media exposure | No | 16.68(4.14) | 77.68(14.51) | 94.36(16.82) | 2.82(0.81) | 10.6(2.75) | 13.42(3.24) |
Yes | 64.07(7.65) | 103.67(10.25) | 167.75(15.43) | 4.83(0.76) | 8.1(0.98) | 12.93(1.53) | |
Number of previous pregnancies | 0 | 73.08(12.94) | 128.7(18.58) | 201.79(26.52) | 5.28(0.99) | 9.83(1.83) | 15.11(2.6) |
1 | 55.26(11.71) | 96.86(16.47) | 152.13(25.34) | 3.63(0.83) | 7.73(1.6) | 11.36(2.16) | |
2 and above | 42.4(9.2) | 77.12(11.24) | 119.52(17.26) | 4.46(1.28) | 8.08(1.48) | 12.54(2.33) | |
Last pregnancy registered with ANM | Yes | 58.07(9.48) | 95.68(14.74) | 153.76(21.28) | 5.35(1.08) | 8.53(1.51) | 13.87(2.41) |
No | 54.44(8.69) | 101.31(11.08) | 155.75(16.87) | 3.95(0.79) | 8.54(1.2) | 12.49(1.67) | |
Number of ANCs | Less than 3 | 39.15(15.8) | – | 119.49(25.06) | 2.27(0.65) | – | 10.08(1.84) |
3 to 8 | 57.26(7.92) | – | 157.71(16.39) | 5.25(0.91) | – | 14.3(1.9) | |
9 and above | 71.3(15.3) | – | 189.51(39.22) | 3.74(0.86) | – | 10.76(2.81) | |
Quality of ANCs | Low | 25.12(7.2) |  | 110.03(23.35) | 2.65(0.94) | – | 9.71(2.18) |
Medium | 23.77(6.04) | – | 102.16(25.04) | 1.83(0.4) | – | 8.92(2.39) | |
High | 68.97(8.76) | – | 175.37(17.1) | 5.41(0.87) | – | 14.56(1.83) | |
Place of ANCs | Government hospital | 33.64(6.35) |  | 100.96(12.9) | 2.99(0.5) | – | 9.69(1.27) |
Private hospital | 98.3(13.41) | – | 253.25(26.19) | 7.45(1.58) | – | 19.36(3.14) | |
Distance to ANC hospital | Less than 3kms | 46.84(11.37) | – | 139.31(31.67) | 5.99(2.75) | – | 15.31(4.27) |
3to 5kms | 55.07(11.36) | – | 143.17(24.21) | 5.21(1.48) | – | 14.15(3.21) | |
6 and above | 67.89(11.89) | – | 172.67(21.75) | 3.99(0.63) | – | 11.55(1.61) | |
Who has taken decision on institutional delivery | Self/family planned | – | 90.26(10.9) | 137.01(14.16) | – | 8.69(1.35) | 12.93(1.95) |
Doctor advised/ Rushed to hospital due to EmOC | – | 144.59(23.51) | 178.36(24.01) | – | 8.33(1.26) | 13.13(1.93) | |
Type of delivery | Normal | – | 76.76(11.45) | 115.09(14.47) | – | 6.32(1.09) | 9.1(1.44) |
Caesarean/forceps | – | 115.48(12.62) | 183.44(19.77) | – | 10.14(1.4) | 15.76(2.1) | |
Type of hospital for delivery | Government hospital | – | 41.76(6.02) | 75.36(10.93) | – | 4.76(1.02) | 8.02(1.53) |
Government aided hospital | – | 82.21(12.79) | 109.6(14.53) | – | 9.95(1.72) | 14.46(2.77) | |
Private hospital | – | 230.07(23.13) | 360.02(33.95) | – | 14.44(2.45) | 21.29(3.38) | |
Received JSY | Yes | – | 59.67(10.42) | 95.05(14.18) | – | 7.53(1.62) | 12.56(2.67) |
No | – | 117.15(11.71) | 182.3(17.69) | – | 9(1.15) | 13.22(1.61) | |