Table 7 Percentage of families with incidence of ‘catastrophic spending’ for maternal health care at different threshold by key predictors
From: Out-of-pocket expenditure on maternity care for hospital births in Uttar Pradesh, India
Variable | Categories | Less than 15% level | 15–25% level | More than 25% level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (in years) | Less than 25 | 71.08(5.01) | 15.66(4.01) | 13.25(3.74) |
25–29 | 78.43(4.09) | 8.82(2.82) | 12.75(3.32) | |
30 and above | 66.67(7.11) | 17.78(5.76) | 15.56(5.46) | |
Education level of women | Up to high school | 73.15(4.28) | 18.52(3.76) | 8.33(2.67) |
Intermediate | 83.33(6.92) | 3.33(3.33) | 13.33(6.31) | |
Under graduation and above | 70.65(4.77) | 9.78(3.11) | 19.57(4.16) | |
Religion | Hindu | 74.35(3.17) | 12.04(2.36) | 13.61(2.49) |
Muslim | 69.23(7.49) | 17.95(6.23) | 12.82(5.42) | |
Social group | SC/ST | 72.50(7.15) | 15.00(5.72) | 12.50(5.30) |
OBC | 71.43(4.96) | 13.10(3.70) | 15.48(3.97) | |
General | 75.47(4.20) | 12.26(3.20) | 12.26(3.20) | |
Per capita annual income | Below $390 | 33.33(10.54) | 14.29(7.82) | 52.38(11.17) |
$390.1 to $976 | 61.54(6.81) | 19.23(5.52) | 19.23(5.52) | |
$976.1 and above | 82.80(3.02) | 10.83(2.49) | 6.37(1.96) | |
Place of residence | Urban | 73.53(3.8) | 12.50(2.85) | 13.97(2.98) |
Rural | 73.40(4.58) | 13.83(3.58) | 12.77(3.46) | |
Social networks | Yes | 82.61(8.08) | 8.70(6.01) | 8.70(6.01) |
No | 72.46(3.11) | 13.53(2.38) | 14.01(2.42) | |
Mass media exposure | No | 70.00(7.34) | 15.00(5.72) | 15.00(5.72) |
Yes | 74.21(3.18) | 12.63(2.42) | 13.16(2.46) | |
Number of previous pregnancies | 0 | 67.12(5.54) | 20.55(4.76) | 12.33(3.87) |
1 | 74.24(5.42) | 10.61(3.82) | 15.15(4.45) | |
2 and above | 78.02(4.36) | 8.79(2.98) | 13.19(3.57) | |
Last pregnancy registered with ANM | Yes | 73.86(4.71) | 12.50(3.55) | 13.64(3.68) |
No | 73.24(3.73) | 13.38(2.87) | 13.38(2.87) | |
Number of ANC visits | Less than 3 | 79.07(6.28) | 9.30(4.48) | 11.63(4.95) |
3 to 8 | 72.26(3.61) | 13.55(2.76) | 14.19(2.81) | |
9 and above | 71.88(8.08) | 15.63(6.52) | 12.50(5.94) | |
Quality of ANCs | Low | 72.97(7.40) | 10.81(5.18) | 16.22(6.14) |
Medium | 77.42(7.63) | 16.13(6.72) | 6.45(4.49) | |
High | 72.84(3.51) | 12.96(2.65) | 14.20(2.75) | |
Place of ANCs | Government hospital | 77.48(3.41) | 11.92(2.65) | 10.60(2.51) |
Private hospital | 65.82(5.37) | 15.19(4.06) | 18.99(4.44) | |
Distance to ANC hospital | Less than 3kms | 68.57(7.96) | 17.14(6.46) | 14.29(6.00) |
3to 5kms | 75.00(5.84) | 12.50(4.46) | 12.50(4.46) | |
6 and above | 73.33(4.34) | 14.29(3.43) | 12.38(3.23) | |
Who has taken decision on institutional delivery | Self/Family planned | 76.15(3.75) | 12.31(2.89) | 11.54(2.81) |
Doctor advised/ Rushed to hospital due to EmOC | 70.00(4.61) | 14.00(3.49) | 16.00(3.68) | |
Type of delivery | Normal | 84.04(3.80) | 5.32(2.33) | 10.64(3.20) |
Caesarean/forceps | 66.18(4.07) | 18.38(3.33) | 15.44(3.11) | |
Type of hospital for delivery | Government hospital | 85.71(3.32) | 8.04(2.58) | 6.25(2.30) |
Government aided hospital | 68.85(5.98) | 16.39(4.78) | 14.75(4.58) | |
Private hospital | 54.39(6.66) | 19.30(5.27) | 26.32(5.88) | |
Received JSY | Yes | 75.00(5.14) | 12.50(3.92) | 12.50(3.92) |
No | 72.78(3.55) | 13.29(2.71) | 13.92(2.76) | |
Total | Â | 73.48(2.92) | 13.04(2.23) | 13.48(2.26) |