Table 1 Cesarean delivery rates according to prenatal care utilization and household socioeconomic characteristics
From: Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery
|  | Full sample (N = 102,236) | Low-risk subsample (N = 20,683) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Deliveries, % | Cesarean rate, % | Chi-square test | Deliveries, % | Cesarean rate, % | Chi-square test |
Prenatal care | ||||||
 First antenatal visit | (n = 100,672) |  |  | (n = 20,357) |  |  |
  First trimester | 98.5 | 23.9 | 3.7 | 98.7 | 11.4 | 7.3b |
  Second trimester | 1.2 | 23.0 |  | 1.0 | 14.7 |  |
  Third trimester | 0.3 | 19.8 |  | 0.3 | 21.1 |  |
 Obstetric ultrasounds | (n = 94,686) |  |  | (n = 19,276) |  |  |
  < 3 | 1.7 | 20.6 | 1000.0a | 1.1 | 11.5 | 0.7 |
  = 3 | 68.3 | 20.8 |  | 76.1 | 11.4 |  |
  ≥ 4 | 30.0 | 30.4 |  | 22.8 | 11.9 |  |
 Nuchal translucency ultrasound | (n = 98,643) |  |  | (n = 19,972) |  |  |
  Yes | 97.1 | 23.9 | 12.5a | 97.5 | 11.5 | 0.5 |
  No | 2.9 | 21.1 |  | 2.5 | 12.5 |  |
 Morphology ultrasound | (n = 98,334) |  |  | (n = 19,885) |  |  |
  Yes | 98.9 | 24.0 | 28.2a | 99.1 | 11.5 | 0.8 |
  No | 1.1 | 17.0 |  | 0.9 | 9.3 |  |
 Early prenatal interview | (n = 88,690) |  |  | (n = 17,882) |  |  |
  Yes | 20.4 | 22.3 | 15.1a | 27.9 | 10.6 | 2.6 |
  No | 79.6 | 23.7 |  | 72.1 | 11.4 |  |
 Prenatal education | (n = 82,417) |  |  | (n = 17,159) |  |  |
  Yes | 54.9 | 21.9 | 99.1a | 75.8 | 10.9 | 15.6a |
  No | 45.1 | 24.9 |  | 24.2 | 13.2 |  |
Woman’s socioeconomic level | ||||||
 Familial situation | (n = 100,411) |  |  | (n = 20,328) |  |  |
  Married or cohabiting | 98.0 | 23.8 | 1.4 | 97.8 | 11.6 | 1.1 |
  Single | 2.0 | 25.0 |  | 2.2 | 10.0 |  |
 Healthcare coverage | (n = 100,146) |  |  | (n = 20,253) |  |  |
  Insured | 98.5 | 23.9 | 1.3 | 98.5 | 11.6 | 0.8 |
  Uninsured | 1.5 | 22.7 |  | 1.5 | 9.9 |  |
 Education | (n = 79,428) |  |  | (n = 16,080) |  |  |
  Primary school | 2.7 | 24.9 | 62.1a | 1.3 | 16.2 | 45.4a |
  Some secondary school | 14.0 | 25.2 |  | 10.4 | 13.0 |  |
  Completed secondary school | 21.9 | 25.4 |  | 21.8 | 13.3 |  |
  College or university | 61.4 | 22.8 |  | 66.5 | 9.8 |  |
 Occupation | (n = 70,201) |  |  | (n = 14,818) |  |  |
  Manual worker | 1.4 | 26.7 | 45.6a | 1.1 | 13.8 | 26.7a |
  Office, sales, or service staff | 55.2 | 24.9 |  | 57.8 | 12.0 |  |
  Farmer | 0.3 | 24.4 |  | 0.3 | 18.2 |  |
  Crafts/trades worker or entrepreneur | 2.9 | 25.5 |  | 2.8 | 11.4 |  |
  Intermediate (technical) | 9.2 | 23.4 |  | 9.6 | 10.8 |  |
  Managerial or higher intellectual | 31.0 | 22.7 |  | 28.4 | 9.1 |  |
 Work status | (n = 83,351) |  |  | (n = 16,838) |  |  |
  Working | 69.6 | 24.0 | 22.4a | 75.8 | 10.9 | 2.2 |
  Unemployed | 6.7 | 25.1 |  | 7.3 | 10.9 |  |
  Not in labor force | 23.7 | 22.6 |  | 16.9 | 11.9 |  |
Partner’s socioeconomic level | ||||||
 Occupation | (n = 78,712) |  |  | (n = 15,826) |  |  |
  Manual worker | 9.3 | 24.5 | 19.0a | 8.2 | 11.7 | 17.4a |
  Office, sales, or service staff | 40.1 | 24.2 |  | 43.6 | 11.8 |  |
  Farmer | 0.4 | 24.8 |  | 0.3 | 17.3 |  |
  Crafts/trades worker or entrepreneur | 7.3 | 23.6 |  | 6.5 | 10.2 |  |
  Intermediate (technical) | 6.2 | 23.2 |  | 6.6 | 8.5 |  |
  Manager or higher intellectual | 36.7 | 22.8 |  | 34.8 | 10.2 |  |
 Work status | (n = 79,154) |  |  | (n = 16,148) |  |  |
  Working | 89.8 | 23.6 | 6.3b | 89.8 | 10.9 | 2.2 |
  Unemployed | 4.4 | 24.7 |  | 4.1 | 12.8 |  |
  Not in labor force | 5.8 | 24.9 |  | 6.1 | 10.8 |  |