Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery

Milcent, Carine; Zbiri, Saad

doi:10.1186/s13561-018-0190-x

Health Economics Review

Table 11 Effects of prenatal care and socioeconomic status on cesarean delivery use, further interaction terms for prenatal care and socioeconomic status, logit model 1 (odds ratios)

From: Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
Crossed dummy variables for woman’s education and prenatal education participation
Primary school × No prenatal education	1.01 (0.137)	1.01 (0.137)
Primary school × Prenatal education	1.12 (0.278)	1.12 (0.281)
Some secondary school × No prenatal education	1.16^b (0.071)	1.16^b (0.071)
Some secondary school × Prenatal education	1.03 (0.047)	1.03 (0.047)
Completed secondary school × No prenatal education	1.14^b (0.067)	1.14^b (0.067)
Completed secondary school × Prenatal education	0.92 (0.051)	0.92 (0.053)
College or university × No prenatal education	1.03 (0.053)	1.03 (0.052)
College or university × Prenatal education	0.68^a (0.023)	0.68^a (0.023)
Crossed dummy variables for woman’s work status and prenatal education participation
Unemployed × No prenatal education			1.28^a (0.083)	1.28^a (0.084)
Unemployed × Prenatal education			0.98 (0.079)	0.98 (0.078)
Not in labor force × No prenatal education			0.95 (0.057)	0.95 (0.056)
Not in labor force × Prenatal education			0.86 (0.094)	0.87 (0.094)
Working × No prenatal education			1.19^a (0.036)	1.19^a (0.035)
Working × Prenatal education			0.82^a (0.019)	0.82^a (0.019)
Crossed dummy variables for partner’s occupation and prenatal education participation
Manual worker × No prenatal education					1.11 (0.073)	1.11^c (0.072)
Manual worker × Prenatal education					0.94 (0.062)	0.94 (0.063)
Office, sales, or service staff × No prenatal education					1.22^a (0.092)	1.22^a (0.091)
Office, sales, or service staff × Prenatal education					0.88^a (0.039)	0.88^a (0.039)
Farmer × No prenatal education					1.07 (0.185)	1.06 (0.186)
Farmer × Prenatal education					0.91 (0.365)	0.90 (0.362)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur × No prenatal education					1.09 (0.098)	1.10 (0.098)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur × Prenatal education					0.89 (0.068)	0.88 (0.068)
Intermediate (technical) occupation × No prenatal education					1.33^b (0.171)	1.33^b (0.170)
Intermediate (technical) occupation × Prenatal education					0.82^c (0.089)	0.82^c (0.090)
Managerial or higher intellectual occupation × No prenatal education					1.13^a (0.052)	1.13^a (0.051)
Managerial or higher intellectual occupation × Prenatal education					0.78^a (0.045)	0.78^a (0.045)
Crossed dummy variables for partner’s work status and prenatal education participation
Unemployed × No prenatal education							1.20 (0.238)	1.20 (0.239)
Unemployed × Prenatal education							0.88 (0.079)	0.88 (0.079)
Not in labor force × No prenatal education							1.13 (0.099)	1.13 (0.100)
Not in labor force × Prenatal education							0.96 (0.117)	0.96 (0.118)
Working × No prenatal education							1.10^b (0.047)	1.10^b (0.048)
Working × Prenatal education							0.78^a (0.028)	0.78^a (0.028)
Epidemiologic and hospital controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Other prenatal care and socioeconomic variables	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hospital effects	Fixed	Random	Fixed	Random	Fixed	Random	Fixed	Random
N (observations)	41,141	41,141	41,141	41,141	41,141	41,141	41,141	41,141

All regressions use the full sample of women and include a constraint: the sum of all the crossed variables equals 0. Epidemiologic control variables include woman’s demographics (age and parity) and medical risk factors (previous cesarean, diabetes, hypertension, eclampsia or preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placental bleeding, other obstetric pathology, plurality, term at delivery, fetal presentation, induced labor, and birth weight). Hospital control variables include hospital type (ownership status, equipment level, and teaching status), organization (day of delivery, obstetrician availability, and size), and staff (midwives, obstetricians, and anesthetists in FTEs per bed). Hospital invariant control variables (ownership status, equipment level, and teaching status) are only included in regressions with hospital random effects. Other prenatal care variables are trimester of the first antenatal visit, number of obstetric ultrasounds, nuchal translucency ultrasound, morphology ultrasound, and early prenatal interview. Other socioeconomic variables include woman’s familial situation, healthcare coverage, occupation, education except for columns 1–2 and work status except for columns 3–4, and her partner’s occupation except for columns 5–6 and work status except for columns 7–8. Robust standard errors in parentheses
^a = 1% significance level, ^b = 5%, ^c = 10%

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ISSN: 2191-1991

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