Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery

Health Economics Review

Table 4 Effects of socioeconomic status on prenatal education utilization, logit model 2 (odds ratios)

	Full sample	Low-risk subsample
	(1)	(2)	(3)
Woman’s socioeconomic level
Single	1.07 (0.134)	0.52^a(0.087)	0.50^a(0.088)
Uninsured	1.06 (0.111)	1.37 (0.475)	1.34 (0.578)
Education
Primary school	0.53^a(0.106)	0.61 (0.189)	0.72 (0.221)
Some secondary school	0.58^a(0.054)	0.43^a(0.088)	0.45^a(0.117)
Completed secondary school	0.73^a(0.038)	0.62^a(0.086)	0.60^a(0.098)
Occupation
Manual worker	0.90 (0.128)	0.63 (0.279)	0.45 (0.231)
Office, sales, or service staff	0.89^a(0.023)	0.65^a(0.041)	0.63^a(0.049)
Farmer	0.75 (0.170)	0.49 (0.358)	0.51 (0.382)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur	0.87^a(0.046)	0.58^a(0.062)	0.60^a(0.081)
Intermediate (technical)	0.94 (0.061)	0.84 (0.152)	0.77^c(0.118)
Work status
Unemployed	0.86^a(0.032)	0.77^c(0.107)	0.80^c(0.095)
Not in labor force	0.71^a(0.034)	0.57^a(0.043)	0.62^a(0.080)
Partner’s socioeconomic level
Occupation
Manual worker	0.74^a(0.050)
Office, sales, or service staff	0.85^a(0.027)
Farmer	0.74^b(0.109)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur	0.91^c(0.045)
Intermediate (technical)	0.92^b(0.039)
Work status
Unemployed	0.74^a(0.051)
Not in labor force	0.78^a(0.052)
Epidemiologic controls	Yes	No	No
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hospital effects	Fixed	Fixed	Fixed
Residence fixed effects	No	No	Yes
N (observations)	48,042	7064	6033

Column 1 uses the full sample of women while columns 2 and 3 use the subsample of low-risk women (nulliparous, aged 20–34 years, without any diagnosis or co-morbidity, giving birth at full term, by vaginal delivery, without induction, to a singleton infant in cephalic presentation, and with a normal birth weight). Epidemiologic control variables include woman’s demographics (age and parity) and medical factors (previous cesarean, diabetes, hypertension, eclampsia or preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placental bleeding, other obstetric pathology, plurality, term at delivery, fetal presentation, onset of labor, mode of delivery, and birth weight). Robust standard errors in parentheses
^a = 1% significance level, ^b = 5%, ^c = 10%

ISSN: 2191-1991