Prenatal care and socioeconomic status: effect on cesarean delivery

Health Economics Review

Table 5 Effects of prenatal care and socioeconomic status on cesarean delivery use, interaction terms for prenatal care and socioeconomic status, logit model 1 (odds ratios)

	(1)	(2)
Crossed dummy variables for woman’s occupation and prenatal education participation
Manual worker × No prenatal education	1.28^b(0.131)	1.28^b(0.130)
Manual worker × Prenatal education	1.16 (0.196)	1.16 (0.198)
Office, sales, or service staff × No prenatal education	1.16^c(0.097)	1.16^c(0.097)
Office, sales, or service staff × Prenatal education	0.86^c(0.069)	0.85^c(0.069)
Farmer × No prenatal education	1.10 (0.621)	1.11 (0.629)
Farmer × Prenatal education	0.76 (0.227)	0.76 (0.228)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur × No prenatal education	1.11 (0.187)	1.11 (0.187)
Craft/trades worker or entrepreneur × Prenatal education	0.91 (0.131)	0.90 (0.131)
Intermediate (technical) occupation × No prenatal education	1.20^b(0.102)	1.20^b(0.101)
Intermediate (technical) occupation × Prenatal education	0.84^a(0.050)	0.84^a(0.050)
Managerial or higher intellectual occupation × No prenatal education	1.10 (0.067)	1.10 (0.066)
Managerial or higher intellectual occupation × Prenatal education	0.74^a(0.060)	0.74^a(0.059)
Epidemiologic and hospital controls	Yes	Yes
Other prenatal care and socioeconomic variables	Yes	Yes
Year fixed effects	Yes	Yes
Hospital effects	Fixed	Random
N (observations)	41,141	41,141

All regressions use the full sample of women and include a constraint: the sum of all the crossed variables equals 0. Epidemiologic control variables include woman’s demographics (age and parity) and medical risk factors (previous cesarean, diabetes, hypertension, eclampsia or preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placental bleeding, other obstetric pathology, plurality, term at delivery, fetal presentation, induced labor, and birth weight). Hospital control variables include hospital type (ownership status, equipment level, and teaching status), organization (day of delivery, obstetrician availability, and size), and staff (midwives, obstetricians, and anesthetists in FTEs per bed). Hospital invariant control variables (ownership status, equipment level, and teaching status) are only included in the regression with hospital random effects. Other prenatal care variables are trimester of the first antenatal visit, number of obstetric ultrasounds, nuchal translucency ultrasound, morphology ultrasound, and early prenatal interview. Other socioeconomic variables include woman’s familial situation, healthcare coverage, education and work status, and her partner’s occupation and work status. Robust standard errors in parentheses
^a = 1% significance level, ^b = 5%, ^c = 10%

ISSN: 2191-1991