Association of Child Maltreatment with South African Adults’ Wages: Evidence from the Cape Area Panel Study

Health Economics Review

Table 1 Childhood maltreatment by gender and race (unweighted)

Variable	Total (N = 2644)	Gender			Race
Variable	Total (N = 2644)	Female (N = 1447)	Male (N = 1197)	t-test	Black African (N = 1219)	Colored (N = 1310)	t-test
Put down	0.49	0.51	0.47	1.80^*	0.42	0.57	−7.77^***
Afraid of hurt	0.29	0.30	0.27	1.96^**	0.32	0.27	3.18^***
Push	0.31	0.31	0.32	−0.20	0.24	0.39	−8.09^***
Hit hard	0.12	0.12	0.13	−0.07	0.09	0.16	−5.48^***
Put down (high)	0.08	0.09	0.07	2.47^**	0.04	0.12	−7.73^***
Afraid of hurt (high)	0.04	0.04	0.03	1.42	0.02	0.06	−3.97^***
Push (high)	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.92	0.02	0.07	−5.60^***
Hit hard (high)	0.02	0.02	0.02	−0.97	0.01	0.03	−2.15^**
Physical abuse	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.16	0.26	0.42	−8.56^***
Emotional abuse	0.54	0.55	0.52	1.54	0.47	0.61	−6.92^***
Any child maltreatment	0.59	0.60	0.57	1.25	0.51	0.66	−7.70^***

Note: Statistics in t-test column are t values. The terms “Black African” and “Colored” date from the Apartheid era in South Africa. Our use of them does not imply support for these racialised categories; rather, we report them because of their continuing association with health and other inequalities [52]. The term Black African means Black people; the terms Colored means mixed-race South Africans. Since there were too few observations of White and Indian peoples, the table does not report statistics for these groups in the “Race” column. “High” refers to high frequency
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1

ISSN: 2191-1991