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Table 6 Model 2: factors leading to vulnerability to poverty from health shocks

From: Health shocks in Sub-Saharan Africa: are the poor and uninsured households more vulnerable?

Variable

Burkina Faso

Niger

Togo

Ex-ante mean consumption

Ex-ante variance consumption

Ex-ante mean consumption

Ex-ante variance consumption

Ex-ante mean consumption

Ex-ante variance consumption

Health Insurance

 Not insurance coverage

0.06

(−0.42–0.55)

0.12

(− 0.13–0.38)

−0.32c

(− 0.47--0.16)

0.03

(− 0.05–0.10)

0.09b

(0.005–0.18)

0.01

(− 0.04–0.06)

Gender

 Female

−0.10c

(− 0.14—0.07)

−0.01

(− 0.03–0.004)

0.03

(− 0.05–0.06)

0.002

(0.77—0.01)

−0.10c

(− 0.15—0.05)

0.01

(− 0.02–0.03)

Proportion of sick individual

−0.09a

(− 0.10--0.02)

−0.15a

(− 0.03–0.00)

−0.07a

(− 0.14–0.02)

0.01

(− 0.003–0.02)

−0.05

(− 0.13 --0.25)9

0.03

(− 0.02–0.07)

Head Education

 Primary

− 0.018

(− 0.05–0.03)

−0.01

(− 0.03–0.01)

0.04

(− 0.01–0.08)

0.004

(0.76−− 0.02)

0.02

(−0.04–0.08)

-0.02

(− 0.05–0.01)

 Secondary

−0.00

(− 0.06–0.05)

−0.01

(− 0.04–0.02)

0.11c

(0.06–0.17)

0.05c

(0.02–0.08)

0.07b

(0.01–0.14)

−0.01

(− 0.05–0.02)

 High school

0.50c

(0.40–0.59)

0.03

(− 0.02–0.08)

0.35c

(0.24–0.46)

0.02

(0.57−− 0.04)

0.09

(− 0.14--0.33)

-0.04

(− 0.18–0.10)

Head Age

 30–49

−0.07c

(− 0.12--0.02)

−0.00

(− 0.03–0.02)

−0.12c

(− 0.18—0.05)

0.015

(− 0.01–0.05)

0.04

(− 0.02–0.11)

−0.01

(− 0.05–0.03)

 50–64

− 0.10c

(− 0.15--0.04)

−0.01

(− 0.04–0.02)

−0.10c

(− 0.16--0.04)

0.03b

(0.001–0.06)

0.10c

(0.03–0.17)

−0.02

(− 0.06–0.02)

 65 -

−0.13c

(− 0.18--0.08)

−0.003

(− 0.03–0.02)

−0.09c

(− 0.16−− 0.03)

0.02

(0.01–0.05)

0.03

(− 0.05–0.11)

-0.03

(− 0.08–0.01)

Household size

 4–6

−0.20c

(− 0.25--0.15)

−0.06c

(− 0.09--0.04)

−0.44c

(− 0.52--0.35)

0.05b

(0.04–0.02)

−0.13c

(− 0.18--0.07)

−0.0004

(− 0.03–0.03)

 7–9

−0.19c

(− 0.25--0.13)

−0.05c

(− 0.08--0.02)

−0.77c

(− 0.87--0.67)

0.05a

(0.05--0.00)

−0.21c

(− 0.29--0.14)

−0.001

(− 0.04–0.04)

 10 –

−0.20c

(− 0.26--0.14)

−0.06c

(− 0.10--0.03)

−0.12c

(− 1.23—1.01)

0.066b

(0.01–0.12)

−0.28c

(− 0.37--0.19)

−0.01

(− 0.06–0.04)

Household Characteristics

 Location

  Rural

−0.10c

(− 0.14—0.07)

−0.02a

(− 0.03–0.00)

−0.08c

(− 0.12—0.03)

−0.04

(− 0.03–0.02)

−0.16c

(− 0.21—0.11)

0.01

(− 0.02–0.04)

Good Hygiene

0.04c

(0.01–0.07)

0.002

(− 0.01–0.02)

0.06b

(0.01–0.1)

0.03

(− 0.02–0.02)

0.08c

(0.03–0.13)

0.01

(− 0.02–0.04)

Access to safe water

0.04c

(0.01–0.07)

0.003

(− 0.01–0.02)

− 0.01

(− 0.05–0.02)

− 0.01

(0.24–0.03)

0.03a

(− 0.01–0.08)

0.02a

(− 0.002–0.05)

Wealth quintiles

 Second poorest

0.36c

(0.32–0.41)

− 0.02a

(− 0.04–0.002)

0.56c

(0.51–0.61)

− 0.03b

(− 0.06—0.01)

0.58c

(0.50–0.65)

− 0.11c

(− 0.15—0.06)

 Middle

0.66c

(0.62–0.70)

−0.02a

(− 0.04–0.002)

0.88c

(0.83–0.93)

−0.04c

(− 0.05—0.01)

0.94c

(0.87–1.02)

−0.109c

(− 0.15—0.06)

 Second wealthiest

0.98c

(0.94–1.02)

− 0.01

(− 0.04–0.01)

1.17c

(1.12–1.23)

−0.03b

(− 0.06—0.01)

1.29c

(1.22–1.37)

−0.11c

(− 0.15—0.07)

 Wealthiest

1.67c

(1.62–1.72)

0.08c

(0.05–0.10)

1.70c

(1.64–1.76)

0.02

(− 0.01–0.05)

1.94c

(1.86–2.01)

−0.05b

(− 0.09—0.002)

 Number of household

1551

1551

1292

1292

929

929

  1. a, b, c Significant at 10%, Significant at 5%, Significant at 1%
  2. (): 95% Confidence Interval