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Table 6 Annual direct medical and indirect costs Gamma regression models, adjusted for age, sex and height

From: Are health risk attitude and general risk attitude associated with healthcare utilization, costs and working ability? Results from the German KORA FF4 cohort study

 

G-WTTR

H-WTTR

exp(estimate) [95% CI]

exp(estimate) [95% CI]

Total direct medical costs

1.00 [0.92–1.09]

1.06 [0.98–1.15]

Total indirect costs a

0.79** [0.69–0.90]

0.91 [0.80–1.03]

  1. **significant at the 1% level/ * significant at the 5% level
  2. G-WTTR: Willingness to take risk in general; H-WTTR: Willingness to take risk regarding health
  3. an = 1429: indirect costs only for persons with employable age ≤ 65 years
  4. 1€ was assigned to observations with costs = 0